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3- Respiratory Medicine > Lung Abnormalities > Flashcards

Lung Abnormalities Flashcards

1
Q

Two forms of lung anomalies

A

Bronchogenic
Pulmonary

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2
Q

Form of lung cysts

A

Epithelial
Emphysematous
Pseudocysts
Hydatid

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3
Q

Origin of congenital lung cysts

A

Bronchogenic
From sequestration or pinching off of bronchial tissue during embryonic development

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4
Q

Types of cysts in the lung

A

Bronchogenic cysts
Pulmonary cysts

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5
Q

What are congenital bronchogenic cysts

A

Cysts lined by respiratory ciliated or flatten columnar epithelium with mucus secreting glands

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6
Q

Main population affected by bronchogenic cyst

A

Young adults

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7
Q

Main side of lungs affected by bronchogenic cyst

A

Right side

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8
Q

Can multiple cysts bronchogenic cyst replace an entire lobe

A

Yes

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9
Q

Symptoms possible in bronchogenic cysts

A

Symptomless
Pressure on trachea, bronchus, lung tissue
Cough with sputum in infection
Hemoptysis due to bleeding

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10
Q

Appearance of bronchogenic cysts on x ray

A

Opaque
Very fine regular shape

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11
Q

Why should you remove all bronchogenic cysts

A

Liable to become infected

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12
Q

What are pulmonary cysts

A

Cyst that contain air and are solitary or multiple

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13
Q

What Happens if a pulmonary cyst becomes very large

A

Can lead to severe dyspnea and mediastinal shift

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14
Q

Is a sequestrate lung segment

A

Islands of pulmonary tissue with no normal communication with the bronchial tree which rarely becomes cystic

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15
Q

Types of pulmonary cyst

A

Intralobar
Extralobar

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16
Q

Blood supply of sequestrated lung segment cyst

A

Artery from abdominal or thoracic aorta
Venous drainage from azygos or inferior pulmonary vein

17
Q

Cyst of sequestrated segment appearance on chest x-ray

A

Solid due to mucus in its dilated bronchi

18
Q

End of cysts of sequestrated segments

A

Excision of affected segment or lobe

19
Q

Which is commoner , acquired or congenital pulmonary cyst

A

Acquired

20
Q

Pathophysiology of acquired pulmonary cyst

A

Mechanical effects of enlargements
rupture of pseudocyst

21
Q

Are the three types of cysts causing airspace disorders

A

Alveolar cysts( blebs , bullae)
infective cyst ( pneumatocele, staph or tb Pseudocysts , bullous emphysematous cysts )
parasitic cyst Hydatid

22
Q

What are blebs

A

Structural airspace separated from alveoli by thin covering

23
Q

Main location of blebs

A

Apex of lungs

24
Q

What are bullae

A

Subpleural air space from coalescence of alveoli
Larger than blebs and may empty when compressed

25
Q

Alveolar cysts symptoms

A

Dyspnea
Pneumothorax symptoms if rupture

26
Q

Treatment of alveolar cysts

A

Excision or lung resection if symptoma5c

27
Q

What are pneumatoceles

A

Post inflammatory airspace’s without epithelial lining

28
Q

What are bullous emphysematous cysts

A

Cysts caused by degenerative changes in lung leading to rupture of alveolar walls forming progressive enlarging cysts

29
Q

Dx associated with bullous emphysematous cysts

A

Chronic bronchitis in older adults

30
Q

bullous emphysematous cysts treatment

A

Excision

31
Q

Parasite causing parasitic cyst

A

Larval form of echinococcus Granulosus

32
Q

Symptoms or parasitic cyst In case of rupture leading to anaphylactic rxn

A

Urticaria
Pruritus
Severe convulsion
Syncope

33
Q

Sequalae or Hydatid dx

A

Compression of lung with dyspnea
Secondary infection ( hemoptysis, cough, dyspnoea )
Lung abscess
Rupture with anaphylaxis

34
Q

Hydatid dx work up

A

Hx of living in sheep rearing area
CxR wirh isolated homogenous shadow
Casoni test positive
Hydatid Cft
Eosinophilia

35
Q

Treatment Hydatid cyst

A

Albemdazole 400mg
Removal

3- Respiratory Medicine (12 decks)

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