Lung Abnormalities

Question 1

Two forms of lung anomalies

Answer 1

Bronchogenic
Pulmonary

Question 2

Form of lung cysts

Answer 2

Epithelial
Emphysematous
Pseudocysts
Hydatid

Question 3

Origin of congenital lung cysts

Answer 3

Bronchogenic
From sequestration or pinching off of bronchial tissue during embryonic development

Question 4

Types of cysts in the lung

Answer 4

Bronchogenic cysts
Pulmonary cysts

Question 5

What are congenital bronchogenic cysts

Answer 5

Cysts lined by respiratory ciliated or flatten columnar epithelium with mucus secreting glands

Question 6

Main population affected by bronchogenic cyst

Answer 6

Young adults

Question 7

Main side of lungs affected by bronchogenic cyst

Answer 7

Right side

Question 8

Can multiple cysts bronchogenic cyst replace an entire lobe

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Symptoms possible in bronchogenic cysts

Answer 9

Symptomless
Pressure on trachea, bronchus, lung tissue
Cough with sputum in infection
Hemoptysis due to bleeding

Question 10

Appearance of bronchogenic cysts on x ray

Answer 10

Opaque
Very fine regular shape

Question 11

Why should you remove all bronchogenic cysts

Answer 11

Liable to become infected

Question 12

What are pulmonary cysts

Answer 12

Cyst that contain air and are solitary or multiple

Question 13

What Happens if a pulmonary cyst becomes very large

Answer 13

Can lead to severe dyspnea and mediastinal shift

Question 14

Is a sequestrate lung segment

Answer 14

Islands of pulmonary tissue with no normal communication with the bronchial tree which rarely becomes cystic

Question 15

Types of pulmonary cyst

Answer 15

Intralobar
Extralobar

Question 16

Blood supply of sequestrated lung segment cyst

Answer 16

Artery from abdominal or thoracic aorta
Venous drainage from azygos or inferior pulmonary vein

Question 17

Cyst of sequestrated segment appearance on chest x-ray

Answer 17

Solid due to mucus in its dilated bronchi

Question 18

End of cysts of sequestrated segments

Answer 18

Excision of affected segment or lobe

Question 19

Which is commoner , acquired or congenital pulmonary cyst

Answer 19

Acquired

Question 20

Pathophysiology of acquired pulmonary cyst

Answer 20

Mechanical effects of enlargements
rupture of pseudocyst

Question 21

Are the three types of cysts causing airspace disorders

Answer 21

Alveolar cysts( blebs , bullae)
infective cyst ( pneumatocele, staph or tb Pseudocysts , bullous emphysematous cysts )
parasitic cyst Hydatid

Question 22

What are blebs

Answer 22

Structural airspace separated from alveoli by thin covering

Question 23

Main location of blebs

Answer 23

Apex of lungs

Question 24

What are bullae

Answer 24

Subpleural air space from coalescence of alveoli
Larger than blebs and may empty when compressed

Question 25

Alveolar cysts symptoms

Answer 25

Dyspnea
Pneumothorax symptoms if rupture

Question 26

Treatment of alveolar cysts

Answer 26

Excision or lung resection if symptoma5c

Question 27

What are pneumatoceles

Answer 27

Post inflammatory airspace’s without epithelial lining

Question 28

What are bullous emphysematous cysts

Answer 28

Cysts caused by degenerative changes in lung leading to rupture of alveolar walls forming progressive enlarging cysts

Question 29

Dx associated with bullous emphysematous cysts

Answer 29

Chronic bronchitis in older adults

Question 30

bullous emphysematous cysts treatment

Answer 30

Excision

Question 31

Parasite causing parasitic cyst

Answer 31

Larval form of echinococcus Granulosus

Question 32

Symptoms or parasitic cyst In case of rupture leading to anaphylactic rxn

Answer 32

Urticaria
Pruritus
Severe convulsion
Syncope

Question 33

Sequalae or Hydatid dx

Answer 33

Compression of lung with dyspnea
Secondary infection ( hemoptysis, cough, dyspnoea )
Lung abscess
Rupture with anaphylaxis

Question 34

Hydatid dx work up

Answer 34

Hx of living in sheep rearing area
CxR wirh isolated homogenous shadow
Casoni test positive
Hydatid Cft
Eosinophilia

Question 35

Treatment Hydatid cyst

Answer 35

Albemdazole 400mg
Removal