Lung Abnormalities Flashcards
Two forms of lung anomalies
Bronchogenic
Pulmonary
Form of lung cysts
Epithelial
Emphysematous
Pseudocysts
Hydatid
Origin of congenital lung cysts
Bronchogenic
From sequestration or pinching off of bronchial tissue during embryonic development
Types of cysts in the lung
Bronchogenic cysts
Pulmonary cysts
What are congenital bronchogenic cysts
Cysts lined by respiratory ciliated or flatten columnar epithelium with mucus secreting glands
Main population affected by bronchogenic cyst
Young adults
Main side of lungs affected by bronchogenic cyst
Right side
Can multiple cysts bronchogenic cyst replace an entire lobe
Yes
Symptoms possible in bronchogenic cysts
Symptomless
Pressure on trachea, bronchus, lung tissue
Cough with sputum in infection
Hemoptysis due to bleeding
Appearance of bronchogenic cysts on x ray
Opaque
Very fine regular shape
Why should you remove all bronchogenic cysts
Liable to become infected
What are pulmonary cysts
Cyst that contain air and are solitary or multiple
What Happens if a pulmonary cyst becomes very large
Can lead to severe dyspnea and mediastinal shift
Is a sequestrate lung segment
Islands of pulmonary tissue with no normal communication with the bronchial tree which rarely becomes cystic
Types of pulmonary cyst
Intralobar
Extralobar
Blood supply of sequestrated lung segment cyst
Artery from abdominal or thoracic aorta
Venous drainage from azygos or inferior pulmonary vein
Cyst of sequestrated segment appearance on chest x-ray
Solid due to mucus in its dilated bronchi
End of cysts of sequestrated segments
Excision of affected segment or lobe
Which is commoner , acquired or congenital pulmonary cyst
Acquired
Pathophysiology of acquired pulmonary cyst
Mechanical effects of enlargements
rupture of pseudocyst
Are the three types of cysts causing airspace disorders
Alveolar cysts( blebs , bullae)
infective cyst ( pneumatocele, staph or tb Pseudocysts , bullous emphysematous cysts )
parasitic cyst Hydatid
What are blebs
Structural airspace separated from alveoli by thin covering
Main location of blebs
Apex of lungs
What are bullae
Subpleural air space from coalescence of alveoli
Larger than blebs and may empty when compressed
Alveolar cysts symptoms
Dyspnea
Pneumothorax symptoms if rupture
Treatment of alveolar cysts
Excision or lung resection if symptoma5c
What are pneumatoceles
Post inflammatory airspace’s without epithelial lining
What are bullous emphysematous cysts
Cysts caused by degenerative changes in lung leading to rupture of alveolar walls forming progressive enlarging cysts
Dx associated with bullous emphysematous cysts
Chronic bronchitis in older adults
bullous emphysematous cysts treatment
Excision
Parasite causing parasitic cyst
Larval form of echinococcus Granulosus
Symptoms or parasitic cyst In case of rupture leading to anaphylactic rxn
Urticaria
Pruritus
Severe convulsion
Syncope
Sequalae or Hydatid dx
Compression of lung with dyspnea
Secondary infection ( hemoptysis, cough, dyspnoea )
Lung abscess
Rupture with anaphylaxis
Hydatid dx work up
Hx of living in sheep rearing area
CxR wirh isolated homogenous shadow
Casoni test positive
Hydatid Cft
Eosinophilia
Treatment Hydatid cyst
Albemdazole 400mg
Removal
