Platform Technologies

Question 1

Component are the parts you can touch.

Answer 1

Computer Hardware

Question 2

The smallest hardware that can still perform computation is the ________

Answer 2

Computer chip

Question 3

is composed of semi-conductors and tiny wires laid out on top of thin wafers of silicon

Answer 3

Computer chip

Question 4

is always required to execute any command or instruction

Answer 4

Software

Question 5

can be configured to represent either a 0 or a 1 when electrical is supplied to them

Answer 5

semi-conductor

Question 6

Sometimes referred to as machine code or object code, ____________ ____________ is a collection or binary digits or bits that computer reads and interprets.____________ is the only language of computer is capable to understand.

Answer 6

Machine Language

Question 7

Limitations of machine language

Answer 7

1. Machine dependent.
2. Difficult to program.
3. High error level when we write a program in this language.
4. Difficult to modify the code

Question 8

A ____________ can understand positional number system only where there are a few symbols
called digits and these symbols represent different values depending on the position they occupy in the
number

Answer 8

digital system

Question 9

A value of each digit in a number can be determined using

Answer 9

The digit
● The position of the digit in the number
● The base of the number system (where base is defined as the total number of digits available in
the number system).

Question 10

are command or programs written in machine code of a machine(computer) that it can recognize and execute

Answer 10

Machine instruction

Question 11

Different instruction cycles :

Answer 11

Memory address registers(MAR)
Memory buffers registers(MBR)
Programs Counter(PC)
Instruction register(IR)

Question 12

: It is connected to the address lines of the system bus. It specifies the
address in memory for a read or write operation.

Answer 12

Memory address registers (MAR)

Question 13

t is connected to the data lines of the system bus. It contains the value to be
stored in memory or the last value read from the memory

Answer 13

Memory Buffer Register(MBR)

Question 14

Holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched.

Answer 14

Program Counter (PC):

Question 15

Holds the last instruction fetched

Answer 15

Instruction Register (IR):

Question 16

Each phase of ___________ ______ can be decomposed into a sequence of elementary micro-operations. In the
above examples, there is one sequence each for the Fetch, Indirect, Execute and Interrupt Cycles.

Answer 16

Instruction Cycle

Question 17

The ______________ is always followed by the Execute Cycle.

Answer 17

Indirect Cycle

Question 18

The ___________ ______ is always followed by
the Fetch Cycle.

Answer 18

Interrupt Cycle

Question 19

For both _______ ___ _______ _______ the next cycle depends on the state of the system.

Answer 19

fetch and execute cycles,

Question 20

We assumed a
new 2-bit register called ______ ______ ________The _ _ _ designates the state of processor in terms of which
portion of the cycle it is in:

Answer 20

Instruction Cycle Code (ICC).

Question 21

Von Neumann architecture’s?

Answer 21

Fixed Program Computers
Stored Program Computers

Question 22

These can be programmed to carry out many different tasks,
applications are stored on them, hence the name

Answer 22

Stored Program Computers

Question 23

Their function is very specific and they couldn’t be programmed, e.g.
Calculators

Answer 23

Fixed Program Computers –

Question 24

It is also known as IAS computer and is having three basic units

Answer 24

1. The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. The Main Memory Unit
3. The Input/output Device

Question 25

A control unit (CU) handles all processor control signals. It directs all input and output flow, fetches code for
instructions and controlling how data moves around the system.

Answer 25

Control Unit –

Question 26

The arithmetic logic unit is the part of the CPU that handles all the calculations the CPU may need, e.g.
Addition, Subtraction, Comparisons. It performs Logical Operations, Bit Shifting Operations, and Arithmetic
Operation.

Answer 26

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

Question 27

Main Memory Unit (Registers)

Answer 27

1. Accumulator
2. Program Counter (PC):
3. Memory Address Register (MAR):
4. Memory Data Register (MDR):
5. Current Instruction Register (CIR)
6. Instruction Buffer Register (IBR):

Question 28

Program or data is read into main memory from the input device or secondary
storage under the control of CPU input instruction. Output devices are used to output the information from a
computer. If some results are evaluated by computer and it is stored in the computer, then with the help of
output devices, we can present it to the user

Answer 28

Input/Output Devices

Question 29

Data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another, connecting all major internal
components to the CPU and memory, by the means of Buses

Answer 29

Buses

Question 30

Type’s of buses

Answer 30

1. Data buss
2. Address buss
3. Control buss

Question 31

It carries data among the memory unit, the I/O devices, and the processor.

Answer 31

Data buss

Question 32

It carries the address of data (not the actual data) between memory and processor.

Answer 32

Address buss

Question 33

: It carries control commands from the CPU (and status signals from other devices) in order
to control and coordinate all the activities within the computer.

Answer 33

Control buss

Question 34

Whatever we do to enhance performance, we cannot get away from
the fact that instructions can only be done one at a time and can only be carried out sequentially.
Both of these factors hold back the competence of the CPU.

Answer 34

Von neumann bottleneck