IOT Flashcards
Iot devices, such as sensors and actuators,
collect data from their environment.
Data collection –
Devices that detect and measure physical
properties.
Sensors:
Using communication protocols like
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular networks to send data to a
central system.
Data Transmission:
Temperature Sensor is a device that measures
Temperature or heat energy and converts it
Into electrical signal that can be read by monitoring system.
Thermocouple
MotionDetector
Is a device that detects movements
Within a specific area and triggers
An action, such as turning on lights, sounding
Alarm, or sending a notification.
A PIR (Passive Infrared) Sensor
Some data processing is done locally on the device or nearby edge severs to reduce latency and
bandwidth usage. This can include filtering, aggregation, and preliminary analysis.
Edge Processing:
More complex processing tasks are often handled in the cloud, where powerful servers can
perform advanced analytics, machine learning, and data integration.
Cloud Processing:
Data can be stored locally on the device or edge servers for quick access
and low latency requirements.
Local Storage:
For scalability and long-term storage, data is often stored in cloud
databases and data lakes. Cloud storage provide the flexibility to handle large volumes of
data and supports various data management and retrieval operations.
Cloud Storage:
refers to the large amounts of data generated by Iot devices like sensors and
cameras.
Big data
Iot devices collect data from their surroundings. For example, a temperature sensor records temperature readingsData Collection
Data Collection
This data is stored in large databases, often in the cloud, which can handle
huge amounts of information.
Data Storage
The stored data is analyzed to find used useful patterns and insights. For
example, analyzing temperature data predict weather changes.
Data Analysis
Some data is processed immediately to make quick decisions, like
turning on a fan when it gets too hot.
Real-time Processing:
Helps Iot Systems learn from the data they collect and make smart decisions.
Here’s how ML is used in Iot:
Machine Learning (ML) In Iot
ML can predict when machine might break down, maintenance can
be done before it fails.
Predictive Maintenance
ML can spot unusual patterns in data, which might indicate a problem,
like a security threat.
Anomaly Detection:
: ML can automate tasks based on data, reducing the need for human
intervention. For example, automically adjusting lighting based on room occupancy.
Automation:
ML can tailor services to individual preferences, like recommending music
based on listening habits.
Personalization:
ML can improve the efficiency of Iot systems, like optimizing energy use in
smart homes.
Optimization
Using data from various sensors manage traffic, save energy,
enhance public safety.
Smart Cities:
Monitoring patient data in real-time to provide personalized treatments
and early detection of health issues.
Healthcare:
Improving manufacturing processes through predictive maintenance
and quality control.
Industrial Iot:
s a combination of
computer hardware and software designed for a
specific task
embedded system
is a small integrated circuit,
usually composed of a central processing unit,
memory, parallel input and output interfaces, a clock
generator, one or more analog-to-digital converters,
and serial communication interfaces.
microcontroller
is an open-source electronics platform
based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
Arduino
is a low-cost, credit-card-sized computer that
plugs into a monitor or TV
Raspberry Pi
is the interconnection of devices
embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and
receive data.
Internet of Things
provides a cloud-hosted solution back end to connect virtually any device. Offers a comprehensive suite of cloud services to connect, monitor, and control IoT devices.
Microsoft Azure IoT Hub
an IoT platform with a high capacity and reliability. It ensures secure and reliable communications between devices as well as the cloud.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) IoT Core
it is a platform for connecting, storing, and analyzing data from IoT devices at the edge and in the cloud.
Google Cloud IoT
is a collection of tools and services made to make use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies easier for companies and organizations.
IBM Watson IoT Platform
is a platform that Arduino offers to make connecting, controlling, and interacting with Internet of Things (IoT) devices easier.
Arduino IoT Cloud
It refers to the specific setup or configuration where IoT solutions are designed, developed, and tested.
IoT Development Environments
t is an open-source IoT ecosystem, is compatible with multiple platforms, including Arduino and Raspberry Pi. PlatformIO IDE extends Arduino’s capabilities and gives a seamless user experience across various microcontroller platforms.
PlatformIO
It is an open source IDE that allows users to write code and upload it to any Arduino board.
Arduino
It is an open-source programming tool, for connecting hardware devices, APIs and online services creatively and easily. It is visual tool that primarily designed for the Internet of Things.
Node-Red
It is the official operating system for Raspberry Pi computers. It supports various programming languages and tools suitable for building and managing IoT projects.
Raspberry Pi OS
It refers to the entire process of developing, launching, maintaining, and improving Internet of Things applications.
IoT Application Development Lifecycle
Refers to the layered structure that enables interconnected devices, system, and services to communicate, exchange data, and operate efficiently.
IOT Architecture
where the computer servers reside that processes the data collected from end-users’ devices to interpret for various purposes.
Perception layer
the part of the Internet communications process where these connections occur, by sending packets of data back and forth between different networks
Network layer
is used to provide the data recorded by the sensors of the sensing layer to the application layer or to forward control signals from the application layer to the actuators connected to IoT devices in the sensing layer.
middleware Layer
the interface between the IoT device and the network with which it will communicate.
Application layer
a type of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack that targets Internet of Things (IoT) devices by sending small amounts of traffic to a large number of devices.
DDos Attack
APIs,web interfaces, and mobile interfaces can be vulnerable to exploitation
Insecure Interface
Sensetive personal data is at risk when commnication channels are insecure.
Data Breaches
Attackers can take control of poorly secured devices for malicious purposes.
Device Hijacking
Many devices use weak or default passwords.
Weak Authentication
Physical access to IoT devices can lead to tampering and unauthorized control.
Physical Security
Data transmitted without encryption is prone to interception.
Lack of Encryption
Devices are often not updated, leaving them open to known vulnerabilities.
Software Vulnerabilitiese
IoT devices collect massive amounts of personal data (location, habits, preferences).
Data Collection
Collected data may be shared with third parties without user consent.
Unauthorized Data Sharing
Devices track user behavior, leading to privacy invasions.
User Tracking
Users often don’t have control over what data is collected or how it’s used.
Lack of User Control
Financial, health, and identity information may be compromised.
Personal Data Exposure
Companies may lose customer trust due to privacy violations.
Reputation Damage
Unauthorized monitoring of user activities.
Surveillance and Tracking
is a major standards organization focused on technology and
innovation. For IoT, .... develops standards for various aspects,
including networking, security, and communication.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
The ______________________________ develops protocols for internet
connectivity and security. In IoT, its focus is on protocols for data exchange and
security over the internet.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
The ____________________________________ plays a
significant role in defining standards for telecommunication and internet
technologies, particularly in Europe.
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
The backbone of modern internet addressing, providing
a large number of IP addresses for billions of IoT devices.
IPv6:
An adaptation of IPv6 for low-power devices, enabling small
devices to communicate using IPv6 over wireless personal area networks
(WPAN).
6LoWPAN:
: A lightweight messaging
protocol ideal for devices with limited bandwidth and resources, widely used
in applications like smart homes and industrial IoT.
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)
designed for
constrained devices, _____ is a
simplified web protocol that
allows devices with limited
processing power to
communicate efficiently over
the internet.
(CoAP) Constrained Application protocol
Commonly used in IoT for webbased data exchange,
especially in applications
where security (through
HTTPS) is a priority
Http/s
ensures data is encrypted
during transmission, providing
confidentiality and integrity
Transport Layer Security
a variant of TLS for
UDP-based communications,
suitable for constrained
devices that need secure
communication without the
overhead of TCP.
Datagram Transport Layer
Security,
With numerous devices from
different manufacturers,
ensuring interoperability can
be difficult.
Interoperability Issues
There are multiple standards
and protocols for IoT,
depending on the industry,
region, or specific use case.
Standard Fragmentation
As more devices become
connected, security
vulnerabilities increase.
Security Risks
A lightweight messaging protocol based on the publish/subscribe model. It operates over TCP/IP and is designed for low-bandwidth, high-latency, or unreliable networks.
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)
A lightweight protocol that enables RESTful interactions between IoT devices. It operates over UDP, rather than the more resource-intensive TCP.
CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol)
A protocol used for transmitting hypermedia (e.g., text, images, video) across the web. It operates over TCP/IP and follows the client-server communication model.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
A full-duplex communication protocol that allows a persistent, real-time connection between client and server. It operates over TCP.
WebSocket
A wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the internet or communicate wirelessly within a local area.
Wi-fi
A short-range wireless technology used to exchange data between devices over short distances.
Bluetooth
A low-power, low-data-rate wireless communication protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
Zigbee
A __________, low-power wireless communication technology that operates on unlicensed frequency bands (e.g., sub-GHz bands).
LoRa (Long Range)
A lightweight, text-based data interchange format that is easy to read and write for humans and easy to parse for machines.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
A markup language used to encode documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
A binary data format that efficiently encodes structured data for transmission and storage
CBOR (Concise Binary Object Representation)
A language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data into compact binary form.
Protobuf (Protocol Buffers)
