Plasma membrane transport

Question 1

Passive transport

Answer 1

• No ATP required
• Diffusion: molecules move from high concentration low concentration (via kinetic energy)
• “across/down a concentration gradient”
• Goal= equilibrium

Question 2

Edema

Answer 2

Water retained in tissue; swollen

Cause: when blood vessels leak fluid (due to lowered blood protein levels or damaged vessels)

Kidney retains more sodium & water

Increased fluid causes tissues to swell

Question 3

Mild cases of edema

Answer 3

Sitting or staying in one position for too long

• Eating too much salty food
• Premenstrual signs and symptoms
• Pregnancy, which can cause swelling in hands, feet and face from excess fluid retention

Question 4

Dehydration

Answer 4

Hypernatremia: elevated Na levels in blood

Osmosis causes the cell volume to shrink

Causes:

• Excessive sweating (i.e., from exercise)
• Excessive urine output (i.e., uncontrolled diabetes)or diureticuse
• Fever
• Vomiting or diarrhea

Treatment: drink fluids slowly

Question 5

Active transport

Answer 5

• Requires ATP
• Molecules move against the concentration gradient…from areas of low concentration to high concentration
• Ion pumps

Question 6

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 6

• Occurs when the chloride ion pumps are missing

* Affects sweat glands, pancreas & lungs

Question 7

Plasma membrane-

Answer 7

flexible outer boundary