Homeostasis Quiz Flashcards
Anatomy is?
The study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.
What is another word for the study of anatomy?
Morphology
Gross anatomy is?
Structures large enough that one can see with the naked eye
Surface anatomy is?
The study of superficial markings
Regional anatomy is?
The study of specific areas of the body (eg head, trunk)
Systematic anatomy is?
The whole system. Aka the study of the 11 specific organ systems
Microscopic anatomy involves
Studying anatomical structures that cannot be seen with the unaided eye
The two types of Microscopic anatomy are
- Cytology - cells
2. Histology- tissues
Physiology is?
The study of the functions of living organisms
Examples of physiology include
- Renal- kidney function
- Neurophysiology- workings of the nervous system
- Cardiovascular- operation of the heart and blood vessels
Key concept: all physiological functions are performed by specific anatomical structures aka?
Structure and function are complementary
Ex. Aorta is the largest artery because it pumps to all the organs
The organ systems are
- integumentary
- skeletal
- muscular
- nervous
- endocrine
- digestive
- circulatory
- urinary
- reproductive
- lymphatic
- respiratory
Homeostasis is when
All body systems work together to respond to external and internal changes to function within normal range
Ex. Body temp
The internal environment of the body is in a _____ state of equilibrium
Dynamic
Failure to function within the normal range results in?
Disease/ death
Variables produce a what in the body?
Change
The stimulus is what
Instigates the change
Things instigated by stimuli include:
- temp
- glucose level
- increase heart rate due to exercise/ stress
The homeostatic control mechanisms are: ( in order)
- Stimulus
- Receptor
- Input
- Control center
- Output
- Effector
- Response
The stimulus
Produces change
The receptor
Detects change
The input gets info from the receptor and
Then the info is sent along diff pathways to the control center
The control center
Determined the set point at which the variable is maintained
The output then
Takes the info and sends it along the efferent pathway to the effector
The effector
Provides the means to respond
The response
Reduces the effect of the stimulus and returns variables to homeostatic levels
Three main components of a feedback loop
- Receptor
- Control center creates the set point: tells what particular value should be i.e. 98.6
- Effector
The AFFERENT pathway
Approaches the control center
The EFFERENT pathway:
Exits the control center
Negative feedback mechanisms:
- seek to maintain a constant state
- shuts off/negates stimulus
- is more common
Aka the break
Positive feedback mechanisms:
- add energy to the system and increases output repeatedly
- response is accelerated
Aka the gas
An ex of neg feedback is
Regulation of body temp
True or false positive feedback is a way to maintain homeostasis
FALSE
In positive feedback the effector output:
Reinforces or exaggerates the stimulus
Two examples of pos feedback include
Blood clotting
Labor contractions during birth
Homeostatic imbalance is often used as a def of?
Disease
A disturbance of homeostasis or the body’s normal equilibrium is known as
Homeostatic imbalance
Overwhelming the usual neg feedback mechanisms allows destructive positive feedback mechanisms to take over which is a form of
Homeostatic imbalance
What is a feedback control loop?
How the body reacts to changes / external factors
Explain the diff b/w pos and neg feedback loops
Neg stops stimulus
Pos exaggerate stimulus
Neg does maintain homeostasis
Pos doesn’t maintain homeostasis
What happens to your homeostatic mechanisms when u have a fever?
- Body temp increases
- Body resets set point to the fever temp
- It increases the temp to keep bacteria/ virus from replicating
- goes back to the original set point AFTER the virus is gone
Homeostasis can be described as
A maintenance of internal environment
Sneezing is pos or neg feedback?
Pos
