Plasma Membrane, intro to metabolism, and vocal Flashcards
Explain the fluid mosaic model of cellular membranes
The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components- including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates- that gives the membrane a fluid character.
What are the functions of proteins in the plasma membrane?
Integral proteins integrate completely into the membrane structure, and their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer’s hydrophobic region. Peripheral proteins are on the membranes exterior and interior surfaces, attached either to integral proteins or to phospholipids
What is the function of lipids in the plasma membrane?
Membrane’s main fabric comprises amphiphilic, phospholipid molecules. The hydrophilics are in contact with the inside and outside of the cell. The hydrophobic, non-polar, which means it does not interact well with water. This forms a bilayer, which separates water and other materials on two separate sides.
Can you explain how the Laws of Thermodynamics apply in biological systems?
1st law: total amount of energy is constant. In other words, there has always been, and always will be, exactly the same amount of energy in the universe. energy may transfer from place to place or transform into different forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
2nd: In every energy transfer, some amount of energy is lost in a form that is unusable. In most cases, this form is heat energy. Thermodynamically, scientists define heat energy as energy that transfers from one system to another that is not doing work.
How is ATP used and recycled in the cell?
ATP is used in energy absorbing chemical reactions. The cyclic transformation of ATP to ADP and then back again to ATP is how it is recycled.
Microscope
instrument that magnifies an object
Light microscope:
visible light passes and bends through the lens system to enable the user to see the specimen
Electron microscope
use a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light. Allows for higher magnification and more detail seen in image.
Unified cell theory:
states that one or more cells comprise all living things, cell is the basic unit of life, and new cells arise from existing cells.
Prokaryote:
simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.
Nucleoid:
Prokaryotic DNA is found (central oart of cell)
Eukarote cells
membrane-bound nucleus, numerous membrane-bound organells, several rod-shaped chromosomes.
What is the plasma membrane
separates the living cell from the external environment
What does phospholipids do in plasma membrane
Lines to create a bilayer
Where are hydrophilic tails in the plasma membrane facing
toward the aqueous environment
