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Anatomy & Physiology > Plasma membrane > Flashcards

Plasma membrane Flashcards

1
Q

The Lipid Bilayer

A

The basic structural framework of the plasma membrane. 2 back to back layers made up of 3 types of lipid molecules.

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2
Q

Lipid molecules of lipid bilayer

A
  1. Phospholipids (75%)
  2. Cholesterol Molecules (20%)
  3. Glycolipids (5%)
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3
Q

Amphipathic

A

Has both polar and non polar parts

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4
Q

Membrane proteins

A
  1. Integral proteins
  2. Transmembrane proteins
  3. Peripheral proteins
  4. Glycoproteins
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5
Q

Ion channels

A

pores or holes that specific ions can flow through to get into or out of the cell.

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6
Q

Types of integral proteins

A
  • Carriers
  • Receptors
  • Ligand
  • Enzymes
  • Linkers
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7
Q

“Carriers”

A

selectively moves a polar substance or ion from one side of the membrane to the other.

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8
Q

“Receptors”

A

integral proteins that serve as cellular recognition sites.

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9
Q

“Ligand”

A

A specific molecule that binds to a receptor

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10
Q

“Enzymes”

A

Catalyst specific chemical reactions inside or outside surface of cell

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11
Q

“Linkers”

A

Anchor proteins in the plasma membranes of neighboring cells to one another or to protein filaments.

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12
Q

Integral proteins

A

extended into or through the lipid bilayer among the fatty acid tails and are firmly embedded into it.

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13
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

span the entire bilayer and protrude into both the cytosol and extracellular fluid

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14
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

Span the entire bilayer

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15
Q

Glycoproteins

A

proteins with carbohydrate groups attached to the ends that protrude into the extracellular fluid. (often serve as cell identity markers)

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16
Q

Gradients across plasma membrane

A
  • concentration gradient (difference of chemical concentration)
  • electrical gradient (difference in electrical charges)
  • electrochemical gradient (combined influence)
17
Q

Passive process

A

when a substance moves down its concentration or electrical gradient to cross plasma membrane using only its own kinetic energy.

18
Q

Active process

A

Cellular energy is used to drive substance against it’s concentration/electrical gradient

19
Q

cellular energy

A

adenosine triphosphate

20
Q

Types of transport across plasma membrane

A
  • passive processes
  • active processes
  • transport via vesicle
21
Q

Endocytosis

A

Vesicles detach from plasma membrane while bringing materials INTO a cell

22
Q

Exocytosis

A

merging of vesicles with the plasma membrane to release materials OUT OF the cell

23
Q

Isotonic solution

A

any solution in which a cell maintains its normal shape and volume

24
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

a solution which has a LOWER concentration of solutes inside the cell

25
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

a solution that has a HIGHER concentration of solutes inside the cell

26
Q

Crenation

A

(Shrinkage) when water molecules move out of the cells faster than they enter- causing shrinkage.

27
Q

Tonicity

A

a measure of a solutions ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content.

28
Q

Primary active transport

A

a mediated active transport process that requires energy provided by ATP

29
Q

secondary active transport

A

the energy stored in Na+ or H+ concentration gradients in used to drive a substance across the membrane

30
Q

pumps

A

carrier proteins that mediate primary active transport

31
Q

Transport in vesicles

A

vesicles are formed from an existing membrane to transport large molecules

32
Q

Exocytosis

A

the process of secreting a substance OUT of a cell using vesicular transport

33
Q

Endocytosis

A

movement of a substance INTO a cell in a vesicle.

34
Q

Transcytosis

A

movement of a substance through a cell as a result of endocytosis on one side and exocytosis on the opposite side.

35
Q

Phagocytosis

A

a form of endocytosis in which the cell engulfs large solid particals (worn out cells, whole bacteria or viruses)

36
Q

Phagocytes

A

the cells that carry out phagocytosis

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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