Plasma Cells Flashcards
what population gets plasma cell problems?
adults only
MM rules for diagnosis
clonal bone marrow plasma cells over ten percent and myeloma defining event
myeloma defining events
CRAB…hypercalcemia, renal disease, anemia, bone disease
what scan to use to see lytic lesions in MM
have to use skeletal survery not a bone scan!!
What globulins are in MM?
IgG and IgA…not M/E
5 findings due to increase in immunoglobulins in MM?
nephron disease...can be kidney failure clotting issues hyperviscous blood rouleaux amyloid
what do we use electrophoresis and immunofixation for in MM?
finding out what light chains and globulins are in the disease
how to see renal disease in MM
creatinine will be elevated past 2
how high will calcium be in MM?
over 11
what is Hb for anemia in MM?
under 10
3 biomarkers for the main symptoms of MM?
bone marrow clonal is 10% or more
elevated free light chains in serum
more than one focal lesion on MRI
MGUS classifications
serum protein (less than 3) but clonal in marrow is less than 10% NO end organ damage
what is the risk of MGUS becoming MM?
very unlikely
smoldering MM diagnosis rules
protein elevated above 3 OR more than 10% clonal OR urinary monoclonal protein present AND NO defining events
risk of getting MM from smoldering?
10%
how does amyloidosis work?
protein becomes insoluble and compromises organ function
AL amyloidosis rules for diagnosis
less than 10% clonal
less then 3 serum protein
LAMBDA chains
what test to use for AL amyloidosis?
congo red stain…will appear peachy
what organ is mainly affected by amyloidosis?
KIDNEY
AL amyloidosis presentation
raccoon eyes and enlarged tongue with kidney problems
waldenstroms macroglobulinemia
lymphoplasmacytic cells…B Cells clone line…making tons of IgM
lymphoplasmacytic cells
in between being a B cell and a plasma cell
waldenstroms presentation
headache, blurry vision
hyperviscous blood
how to diagnose waldenstroms
look for IgM spike and serum viscosity changes
what percent of cells do you need to be clone in waldenstroms?
10% considered a low grade lymphoma
