Fungal Infections

Question 1

where do we usually get candida albicans?

Answer 1

from out own flora when we are immunocompromised

Question 2

what is the candida specie that is emerging and is transmitted on surfaces within a hospital?

Answer 2

candida auris

Question 3

is candida a yeast or a mold? what is the shape in culture?

Answer 3

a round yeast

Question 4

what can candida albicans do that is unique?

Answer 4

it will make germ tubes

Question 5

common type of invasive candida infections

Answer 5

candidemia (blood stream)
endocarditis
peritonitis
meningitis
osteomyelitis
arthritis
endophalamitis

Question 6

echinocandin mechanism of antifungal

Answer 6

B-glucan synthesis inhibitor

Question 7

Flucytosine mechanism of antifungal

Answer 7

pyrimidine analog so will lead to DNA inhibition

Question 8

Polyenes mechanism of antifungal

Answer 8

bind ergosterol and make holes in the cell wall

Question 9

azoles mechanism of antifungal

Answer 9

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

Question 10

4 antifungal classes

Answer 10

azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and flucytosine

Question 11

cryptococcus neoformas type of fungi

Answer 11

encapsulated yeast

Question 12

cryptococcus organism staining type

Answer 12

india ink

Question 13

how do we get infected with cryptococcus

Answer 13

inhalation…why it mainly cause pneumonia and meningitis

Question 14

3 ways to find cryptococcus

Answer 14

microscopy with india ink
culture
antigen detection testing

Question 15

how is pneumocystis jirovecii transmitted?

Answer 15

inhalation from an infected person

Question 16

risk to get PCP?

Answer 16

low T cell count…why common in HIV

Question 17

two ways to diagnose PJP

Answer 17

microscopy from lungs with silver stain

PCR in some labs

Question 18

treatment for PJP

Answer 18

trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (sulfa drugs)

Question 19

aspergillus fungus type and septate or aseptate?

Answer 19

mold with septate hyphae

Question 20

where does aspergillus infect in human first?

Answer 20

lung…can have fever and cough

Question 21

what can aspergillus in lung cause?

Answer 21

aspergilloma…or ball if there is already scar tissue there

Question 22

2 important assays for aspergillus

Answer 22

Beta D glucan assay

galactomannan antigen test

Question 23

two septate hyphae molds

Answer 23

aspergillus and fusarium

Question 24

two aseptate hyphae molds

Answer 24

mucor and rhizopus

Question 25

two other names for mucor and rhizopus

Answer 25

mucormycosis and zygomycosis

Question 26

where is common place for mucor/rhizopus to spread?

Answer 26

brain!

Question 27

what are the results of the beta d glucan and galactomannan tests in mucor and rhizopus?

Answer 27

both negative

Question 28

2 ways we diagnose mucor and rhizopus?

Answer 28

culture and microscopy to see aseptate hyphae

Question 29

fusarium difference from aspergillus that helps since both are septate

Answer 29

banana shaped conidia

Question 30

what does fusarium usually cause?

Answer 30

skin lesions