Fungal Infections Flashcards
where do we usually get candida albicans?
from out own flora when we are immunocompromised
what is the candida specie that is emerging and is transmitted on surfaces within a hospital?
candida auris
is candida a yeast or a mold? what is the shape in culture?
a round yeast
what can candida albicans do that is unique?
it will make germ tubes
common type of invasive candida infections
candidemia (blood stream) endocarditis peritonitis meningitis osteomyelitis arthritis endophalamitis
echinocandin mechanism of antifungal
B-glucan synthesis inhibitor
Flucytosine mechanism of antifungal
pyrimidine analog so will lead to DNA inhibition
Polyenes mechanism of antifungal
bind ergosterol and make holes in the cell wall
azoles mechanism of antifungal
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
4 antifungal classes
azoles, polyenes, echinocandins, and flucytosine
cryptococcus neoformas type of fungi
encapsulated yeast
cryptococcus organism staining type
india ink
how do we get infected with cryptococcus
inhalation…why it mainly cause pneumonia and meningitis
3 ways to find cryptococcus
microscopy with india ink
culture
antigen detection testing
how is pneumocystis jirovecii transmitted?
inhalation from an infected person
risk to get PCP?
low T cell count…why common in HIV
two ways to diagnose PJP
microscopy from lungs with silver stain
PCR in some labs
treatment for PJP
trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (sulfa drugs)
aspergillus fungus type and septate or aseptate?
mold with septate hyphae
where does aspergillus infect in human first?
lung…can have fever and cough
what can aspergillus in lung cause?
aspergilloma…or ball if there is already scar tissue there
2 important assays for aspergillus
Beta D glucan assay
galactomannan antigen test
two septate hyphae molds
aspergillus and fusarium
two aseptate hyphae molds
mucor and rhizopus
two other names for mucor and rhizopus
mucormycosis and zygomycosis
where is common place for mucor/rhizopus to spread?
brain!
what are the results of the beta d glucan and galactomannan tests in mucor and rhizopus?
both negative
2 ways we diagnose mucor and rhizopus?
culture and microscopy to see aseptate hyphae
fusarium difference from aspergillus that helps since both are septate
banana shaped conidia
what does fusarium usually cause?
skin lesions
