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Heme Midterm 3 > Lymphomas > Flashcards

Lymphomas Flashcards

1
Q

what histologic feature is preserved with a benign lymphadenopathy?

A

normal node architecture is preserved

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2
Q

follicular hyperplasia cell type and a response to what?

A

b cell proliferation because of need for antibody production due to an infection

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3
Q

what is enlarged in follicular hyperplasia?

A

germinal centers…growing dem B cells

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4
Q

cell markers of benign lymphadenopathy growth

A

kappa and lambda markers for B cells

CD4 and CD8 cells..not cells with both markers

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5
Q

what is the driving factor for paracortical hyperplasia and what cell is growing?

A

need for cell mediated immunity and needing more T cells

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6
Q

what are histiocytes?

A

tissue macrophages in sinus of lymph nodes

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7
Q

sinus hystiocytosis cause

A

increased need for APCs leads to increase in histiocytes in lymph node…lymphadenopathy due to growing sinuss

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8
Q

5 infectious risk factors for lymphoma

A 
HIV
helicobacter pylori
Hep B
Hep C
EBV
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9
Q

what class of diseases can increase lymphoma risk?

A

an diseases or treatment that leads to immune suppression or compromise

SCID…HIV

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10
Q

3 toxic chemicals in that increase risk of lymphoma

A

pesticides, herbicides and benzene

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11
Q

what about B cells makes classifying cancer so difficult?

A

B cells can be malignant at any stage of their development

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12
Q

low grade lymphomas

A

small lymphocytic

follicular small cleaved lymphoma

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13
Q

intermediate grade lymphoma

A

diffuse large cell lymphoma

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14
Q

high grade lymphomas

A

burkitt

lymphoblastic

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15
Q

what histologic feature do you lose in lymphomas

A

architecture of the node..no germinal centers or sinuses

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16
Q

SLL

A

small lymphocytic lymphoma

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17
Q

SLL grade

A

LOW

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18
Q

cell markers for SLL

A

CD23 and CD5…B cells will be either kappa or lambdo…not a mix of both

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19
Q

cytogenetics of SLL with good prognosis

A

13q14

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20
Q

cytogenetics of SLL with bad prognosis

A

trisomy 12

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21
Q

what ages for SLL?

A

all older patients!!!

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22
Q

is SLL curable?

A

nah…like CLL

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23
Q

follicular lymphoma cell type, age group and grade

A

Mature B cells
Adults and elderly
LOW GRADE

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24
Q

cytogenetics for follicular lymphoma

A

t(14;18)

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25
Q

what gene is moved with t(14;18) in follicular lymphoma?

A

BCL2 in front of IgH region

26
Q

B cell markers in follicular lymphoma

A

CD19,20,22
CD10
kappa or lambda…no mix

27
Q

is follicular lymphoma curable?

A

no…indolent course

28
Q

what can follicular lymphoma progress to?

A

progress to diffuse large cell lymphoma

29
Q

What cell is malignant in mantle cell lymphoma?

30
Q

what is the histologic marker for mantle cell lymphoma?

A

will see larger histiocytes mixed in with the malignant B cells

31
Q

mantle cell grading and treatment

A

it is incurable…like low grade
but aggressive like a intermediate grade cancer

leads to bad prognosis

32
Q

mantle cell B cell markers

A

CD5, CD19 positive
CD23 and CD10 negative
one of either kappa or lambda chains…never both

33
Q

mantle cell lymphoma cytogenetics

34
Q

what gene does t(11;14) translocate?

A

cyclin D1 in front of IgH…tumor will express high cyclin D1 levels

35
Q

what can you do in mantle cell lymphoma with the cytogenetics to diagnose?

A

can actually do a stain for cyclin D1 and will see increased staining

36
Q

what age does diffuse large B cell lymphoma affect?

A

any age…kids and adults

37
Q

can DLBCL be cured? what is the grade?

A

yes…intermediate grade

38
Q

what is unique about DLBCL in its onset?

A

often noticed in places other than nodes…brain and GI

39
Q

what gene alteration is associated with DLBCL?

40
Q

grade of Burkitts lymphoma?

41
Q

what is the endemic form of burkitts lymphoma caused by? and where is this mainly?

A

EBV in africa

42
Q

what age does burkitts lymphoma infect?

A

mainly kids…but can be adults, especially those with HIV

43
Q

cytogenetic alterations of burkitts lymphoma

A

t(8;14), t(2;8), or t(8;22)

44
Q

what gene is affected in Burkitts lymphoma?

A

c-myc, a protooncogene

45
Q

what cell is the burkitts lymphoma?

A

mature B cell

46
Q

what is the histiologic feature of Burkitts lymphoma and what causes it?

A

called starry sky from the macros with debris around them

47
Q

what unique feature do the B cells have in bone marrow from Burkitts lymphoma have?

A

cytoplasmic vacuoles

48
Q

lymphoblastic lymphoma cell involved

A

almost always an immature T cell but can be B cell just rare

49
Q

who can get lymphoblastic lymphoma?

A

mainly kids, teens and young adults

50
Q

what is a unique physical finding for lymphoblastic lymphoma?

A

a mediastinal mass

51
Q

T cell markers in lymphoblastic lymphoma

A

CD3 with coexpression of CD4 and CD8 and TdT

52
Q

what is required for lymphblastic lymphoma diagnosis?

A

FLOW cytometry

53
Q

what is the distinctive cell in Hodgkins lymphoma?

A

a Reed-Sternberg cell

54
Q

what type of cell is the ReedSternberg cell in Hodgkins lymphoma?

A

activated B cell

55
Q

what is the age of presentation for hodgkins lymphoma?

A

bimodal distribution of 20’s and then older than 50

56
Q

how does hodgkins lymphoma spread?

A

typically stays in same line or area before moving elsewhere…so will find line of nodes affected

57
Q

what can we not use to diagnose hodgkins lymphoma and why?

A

flow cytometry and cytogenetics

cant use flow because there are so few malignant cells in the tumor

58
Q

what is in a Hodgkins lymphoma tumor?

A

not many Reed Sternberg cells…mainly recruited cells like other lymphocytes, eosinophils, histiocytes and fibroblasts

59
Q

4 subtypes of hodgkins lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosis
lymphocyte rich
lymphocyte poor
mixed cellularity

60
Q

cell marker for Reed Sternberg cell in hodgkins lymphoma?

A

CD15 and CD30 positive

CD45 negative

Heme Midterm 3 (10 decks)

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