Plants- Gastrointestinal irritants Flashcards
Insoluble oxalates
-more than 200 plants
-Ex: peace lily, philodendron, monstera, dumbcane
Mechanism of insoluble oxalates
Raphides (needles) causes physical damage= mucosal irritation and raphides in specialized cells caused idioblasts
Insoluble oxalates clinical signs
-no systemic clinical signs
-salivation, head shaking, pawing at mouth, vocalization
-pain and swelling in mouth
-vomiting and diarrhea
Onset of insoluble oxalates
Within mins of chewing
Management of insoluble oxalates
-pain management
-rinse mouth
-anti-inflammatories
-gastroprotectants
-IVFT
Prognosis=excellent
Tulips and hyacinths
-toxins concentrated in the bulbs
-likely from access to bag of bulbs for planting or digging up newly planted bulbs
Clinical features of tulips and hyacinth toxicity
-oral and esophageal irritation
-vomiting and diarrhea
-tachycardia
Management of tulip and hyacinths toxicity
-oral irritation like insoluble oxalates
-IVFT and gastroprotectants to manage vomiting and diarrhea
Mistletoe toxin, mechanism, clinical features
Toxin= glycoprotein lectins
Mechanism= inhibition of protein synthesis= cell death
Clinical features= vomiting, depression, rarely diarrhea and hypotension
*Overall= mild, self limiting
Poinsettia toxin and clinical signs
-Toxin= irritating sap
-Clinical signs= erythema, irritation, pruritis, hypersalivation, vomiting, rare diarrhea
**MILD AND SELF LIMITING
Holly toxin, mechanism, clinical signs
Toxin= saponins, triterpenes, polyphenols, methylxanthines, cyanogens
Mechanism: GI irritation
Clinical signs: hypersalivation, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, head shaking, oral irritation
Management of holiday plants
-IVFT or SC fluids
-gastroprotectants
-rinse mouth with water or milk
-monitor hydration
-withhold food initially and then gradually reintroduce
Excellent prognosis
