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Biology > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The seed plants include these two phyla:

  1. ___________
  2. ___________
A

Gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants) are the 2 seed-producing phyla

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2
Q

This phylum of plants is divided into 2 classes. Name the phylum and the two divisions

A

The two divisions of the angiosperms are the dicotyledons (dicots) and monocotyledons (monocots)

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3
Q

___________ : storage tissue that provides nutrition to the developing seedling

A

Cotyledons: storage tissue that provides nutrition to the developing seedling

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4
Q

the number of petals, sepals, stamens, and other flower parts of dicots are:

A

Dicots have petals, sepals, stamens, and flower parts in 4’s, 5’s, and multiples of them

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5
Q

the number of petals, stamens, sepals, and other flower parts of monocots are:

A

Monocots have their flower parts in 3’s or its multiples (3,6,9, etc)

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6
Q

this class of angiosperms has:

  • leaves with veins that are netted (in a branching pattern)
A

Dicots have leaves with a netted vein pattern

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7
Q

This leaf would belong to a?

  1. dicotyledon
  2. monocotyledon
A

The leaf has a parallel vein patter, so it is a monocot

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8
Q

This leaf would belong to a?

  1. Dicotyledon
  2. Monocotyledon
A

This leaf has a netted vein pattern, so it belongs to a Dicot

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9
Q

plant vascular tissue comprises of the:

A

Vascular tissue comprises of the Xylem and Phloem

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

The vascular bundles of this type of angiosperm are

  • arranged in a ring or circle
A

The vascular bundles of Dicots are arranged in a ring or circle

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12
Q

This class of angiosperms has leaves with a parallel vein pattern

  1. Dicotyledons
  2. Monocotyledons
A

Monocotyledons have leaves with a parallel vein pattern

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13
Q

The vascular bundles of this class of angiosperms are scattered and random

A

Monocots have scattered vascular bundles

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14
Q

What is a taproot?

A

Taproot: a single, large root

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15
Q

Describe the form of root of a monocot

A

Monocots have fibrous roots (a cluster of many small roots)

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16
Q

Which class of angiosperms has a taproot?

A

Dicots have a taproot (a large single root)

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17
Q

How many distinct groups of plant tissue are there? What are they called?

A

The three major groups of plant tissue are

  1. Ground tissue
  2. Dermal Tissue
  3. Vascular Tissue
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18
Q

This type of plant tissue contains these cells

  1. Parenchyma Cells
  2. Collenchyma Cells
  3. Sclerenchyma Cells
A

Ground tissue contains parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, collenchyma cells

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19
Q

These type of cells present in ground tissue are

  • The most common component of ground tissue
  • have thin walls
  • function for storage, secretion, and photosynthesis,
A

Parenchyma cells have thin walls, are the most abundant component of ground tissue, and function for storage, secretion, and photosynthesis

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20
Q

Out of the 3 cells present in ground tissue, these 2 cells function for mechanical support. Which one of these two has thicker walls?

A

Collenchyma cells and sclerenchyma cells both function for mechanical support.

Sclerenchyma cells have thicker walls than collenchyma cells.

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21
Q

_______ is a waxy protective substance secreted by __________ cells in dermal tissue

A

The cuticle is a waxy, protective substance secreted by epidermal cells in dermal tissue

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22
Q

Dermal tissue consists of:

  • ___________ cells
  • ___________ cells
  • Various specialized surface cells such as _________ cells, _________ cells, __________ cells
A

Dermal tissue consists of

  • Epidermis cells that cover the outside of plant parts
  • Guard cells that surround the stomata
  • various specialized cells such as hair cells, stinging cells, and glandular cells.
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23
Q

These occur together to form vascular bundles

A

The xylem and phloem occur together to form vascular bundles

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24
Q

What are the types of xylem cells?

A

Tracheids and vessel members (vessel elements) are the two kinds of Xylem cells

25
Q

Xylem cell have pits, describe them

A

In xylem cells, pits are places where the secondary cell wall are absent

26
Q

These type of xylem cells are:

  • long and tapered
A

Tracheids are long and tapered; water passes from one tracheid to another through pits on the overlapping ends

27
Q

________ cells are xylem cells that are short and wide, with little to no tapering at ends

A

Vessel members are shorter and wider than the tracheids: water passes through vessel members through areas without a primary AND secondary cell wall.

28
Q

A column of vessel members are called:

A

A vessel is a column of vessel member cells

29
Q

The areas in which water pass through vessel members are called:

A

Water passes through areas called perforations in vessel members; these areas have neither primary nor secondary cell walls.

They are literally holes between cells

30
Q
A
31
Q

vessels are found primarily in __________

A

Vessels are primarily found in flowering plants. They are a more evolutionarily advanced feature

32
Q

________ functions in the conduction of water and minerals

A

Xylem functions in the conduction of water and minerals

33
Q

_________ functions to transport sugars

A

Phloem functions to transport sugars

34
Q

Phloem is made up of cells called ___________

A

Phloem is made up of cells called Sieve-tube members

35
Q

____________ cells are dead at maturity

A

Xylem cells are dead at maturity

36
Q

Phloem cells form fluid-transporting columns called _______________

A

Sieve-tube elements (phloem cells) form fluid conducting columns called sieve tubes

37
Q

____________ are living at maturity

A

Phloem cells, or Sieve-tube members are living at maturity

38
Q

Sieve-tube elements lack these two things

A

Sieve tube elements lack nuclei and ribosomes

39
Q

_______________ are living parenchyma cells that lie next to each sieve-tube member

A

Companion Cells are parenchyma cells that lie next to each sieve-tube member

40
Q

Pores on the end of sieve-tube members form _________

A

Pores on the end or sieve-tube members form sieve plates

41
Q

What are sieve plates?

A

Sieve plates are areas where the cytoplasm of one sieve-tube member makes contact with that of the next cell

42
Q

companion cells are connected to sieve-tube members by thin tubes of cytoplasm called ___________

A

Companion cells are connected to sieve-tube elements by thin tubes of cytoplasm called plasmodesmata

43
Q

Companion cells serve this function in phloem

A

Companion cells provide physiological support to the nuclei lacking sieve-tube members

44
Q

How are cotyledons formed?

A

Cotyledons are formed by digesting the storage material in endosperms

45
Q

The seed consists of:

A

The seed consists of

  1. An embryo
  2. A seed coat
  3. some kind of storage material: usually endosperm or cotyledons
46
Q

Most of the storage tissue in dicots is__________, and it’s __________ in monocots

A

Cotyledons make up most of the storage tissue in dicots generally (and the remainder is a small embryo such as in peas)

Endosperm makes up most of the storage material in monocots, with a single cotyledon that functions to transport nutrients from the endosperm to the embryo (such as in corn)

47
Q

In the embryo, the _______________ becomes the shoot tip

A

The top portion of the embryo, the epicotyl, becomes the shoot tip

48
Q

The embryo consists of the following parts:

A

The embryo consists of

  • The epicotyl
  • Plumule
  • The hypocotyl
  • The radicle
  • coleoptile
49
Q

In an embryo, the following will become what?

  • The epicotyl becomes the _________
  • The hypocotyl becomes the ________
  • The radicle becomes the ___________
A

In an embryo

  • The epicotyl becomes the shoot tip
  • The hypocotyl becomes the young shoot
  • The radicle becomes the root
50
Q

__________ is a sheath that surrounds and protects the epicotyl

A

The coleoptile is a sheath that surrounds and protects the epicotyl

51
Q

Germination begins with ____________

A

Germination begins with the imbibition (absorption) of water

52
Q

In the young seedling, growth occurs at the tips of roots and shoots, called _____________.

A

In a young seedling, growth occurs at the tips of roots and shoots called the apical meristems

53
Q

What are meristematic cells? Where are they located?

A

Meristematic cells are actively dividing cells, located in apical meristems

54
Q

Growth involving meristematic cells is which type of growth?

A

Primary growth happens in the vertical direction and involve apical meristems and their meristematic cells

55
Q

What is another name for the root tip, and what is its function?

A

The root cap protects the apical meristem behind it

56
Q

cells dividing in the apical meristem form the ___________

A

Cells dividing in the apical meristem form the zone of cell division

57
Q

Newly formed cells absorb water and elongate, forming the ____________

A

The newly formed cells that elongate form the zone of elongation. This zone is our perceived sense of growth

58
Q

Behind the zone of elongation is the ____________, What happens here?

A

Behind the zone of elongation is the zone of maturation. Here, cells mature into xylem, phloem, parenchyma or epidermal cells

Biology (7 decks)

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