Plants

Question 1

The seed plants include these two phyla:

1. ___________
2. ___________

Answer 1

Gymnosperms (conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants) are the 2 seed-producing phyla

Question 2

This phylum of plants is divided into 2 classes. Name the phylum and the two divisions

Answer 2

The two divisions of the angiosperms are the dicotyledons (dicots) and monocotyledons (monocots)

Question 3

___________ : storage tissue that provides nutrition to the developing seedling

Answer 3

Cotyledons: storage tissue that provides nutrition to the developing seedling

Question 4

the number of petals, sepals, stamens, and other flower parts of dicots are:

Answer 4

Dicots have petals, sepals, stamens, and flower parts in 4’s, 5’s, and multiples of them

Question 5

the number of petals, stamens, sepals, and other flower parts of monocots are:

Answer 5

Monocots have their flower parts in 3’s or its multiples (3,6,9, etc)

Question 6

this class of angiosperms has:

• leaves with veins that are netted (in a branching pattern)

Answer 6

Dicots have leaves with a netted vein pattern

Question 7

This leaf would belong to a?

1. dicotyledon
2. monocotyledon

Answer 7

The leaf has a parallel vein patter, so it is a monocot

Question 8

This leaf would belong to a?

1. Dicotyledon
2. Monocotyledon

Answer 8

This leaf has a netted vein pattern, so it belongs to a Dicot

Question 9

plant vascular tissue comprises of the:

Answer 9

Vascular tissue comprises of the Xylem and Phloem

Question 11

The vascular bundles of this type of angiosperm are

• arranged in a ring or circle

Answer 11

The vascular bundles of Dicots are arranged in a ring or circle

Question 12

This class of angiosperms has leaves with a parallel vein pattern

1. Dicotyledons
2. Monocotyledons

Answer 12

Monocotyledons have leaves with a parallel vein pattern

Question 13

The vascular bundles of this class of angiosperms are scattered and random

Answer 13

Monocots have scattered vascular bundles

Question 14

What is a taproot?

Answer 14

Taproot: a single, large root

Question 15

Describe the form of root of a monocot

Answer 15

Monocots have fibrous roots (a cluster of many small roots)

Question 16

Which class of angiosperms has a taproot?

Answer 16

Dicots have a taproot (a large single root)

Question 17

How many distinct groups of plant tissue are there? What are they called?

Answer 17

The three major groups of plant tissue are

1. Ground tissue
2. Dermal Tissue
3. Vascular Tissue

Question 18

This type of plant tissue contains these cells

1. Parenchyma Cells
2. Collenchyma Cells
3. Sclerenchyma Cells

Answer 18

Ground tissue contains parenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells, collenchyma cells

Question 19

These type of cells present in ground tissue are

• The most common component of ground tissue
• have thin walls
• function for storage, secretion, and photosynthesis,

Answer 19

Parenchyma cells have thin walls, are the most abundant component of ground tissue, and function for storage, secretion, and photosynthesis

Question 20

Out of the 3 cells present in ground tissue, these 2 cells function for mechanical support. Which one of these two has thicker walls?

Answer 20

Collenchyma cells and sclerenchyma cells both function for mechanical support.

Sclerenchyma cells have thicker walls than collenchyma cells.

Question 21

_______ is a waxy protective substance secreted by __________ cells in dermal tissue

Answer 21

The cuticle is a waxy, protective substance secreted by epidermal cells in dermal tissue

Question 22

Dermal tissue consists of:

• ___________ cells
• ___________ cells
• Various specialized surface cells such as _________ cells, _________ cells, __________ cells

Answer 22

Dermal tissue consists of

• Epidermis cells that cover the outside of plant parts
• Guard cells that surround the stomata
• various specialized cells such as hair cells, stinging cells, and glandular cells.

Question 23

These occur together to form vascular bundles

Answer 23

The xylem and phloem occur together to form vascular bundles

Question 24

What are the types of xylem cells?

Answer 24

Tracheids and vessel members (vessel elements) are the two kinds of Xylem cells

Question 25

Xylem cell have **pits,** describe them

Answer 25

In xylem cells, **pits** are places where the **secondary cell wall are absent**

Question 26

These type of xylem cells are: * long and tapered

Answer 26

**Tracheids** are long and tapered; water passes from one tracheid to another through pits on the overlapping ends

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells are xylem cells that are short and wide, with little to no tapering at ends

Answer 27

**Vessel members** are shorter and wider than the tracheids: water passes through vessel members through areas **without a primary AND secondary cell wall**.

Question 28

A column of vessel members are called:

Answer 28

**A vessel** is a column of vessel member cells

Question 29

The areas in which water pass through **vessel members** are called:

Answer 29

Water passes through areas called **perforations** in vessel members; these areas have **neither primary** nor **secondary cell walls.** ## Footnote **They are literally holes between cells**

Question 31

**vessels** are found primarily in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

**Ve****ssels** are primarily found in flowering plants. They are a more evolutionarily advanced feature

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ functions in the conduction of water and minerals

Answer 32

**Xylem** functions in the conduction of water and minerals

Question 33

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ functions to transport sugars

Answer 33

**Phloem** functions to transport sugars

Question 34

Phloem is made up of cells called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 34

Phloem is made up of cells called **Sieve-tube members**

Question 35

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells are dead at maturity

Answer 35

**Xylem** cells are dead at maturity

Question 36

Phloem cells form fluid-transporting columns called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 36

**Sieve-tube elements** (phloem cells) form fluid conducting columns called **sieve tubes**

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are living at maturity

Answer 37

Phloem cells, or **Sieve-tube members** are living at maturity

Question 38

Sieve-tube elements lack these two things

Answer 38

Sieve tube elements lack nuclei and ribosomes

Question 39

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are living parenchyma cells that lie next to each sieve-tube member

Answer 39

**Companion Cells** are parenchyma cells that lie next to each sieve-tube member

Question 40

Pores on the end of sieve-tube members form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 40

Pores on the end or sieve-tube members form **sieve** **plates**

Question 41

What are **sieve plates**?

Answer 41

**Sieve plates** are areas where the cytoplasm of one sieve-tube member makes contact with that of the next cell

Question 42

companion cells are connected to sieve-tube members by **thin tubes of cytoplasm** called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 42

Companion cells are connected to sieve-tube elements by **thin tubes of cytoplasm** called **plasmodesmata**

Question 43

Companion cells serve this function in phloem

Answer 43

**Companion cells** provide **physiological support** to the nuclei lacking sieve-tube members

Question 44

How are **cotyledons** formed?

Answer 44

**Cotyledons** are formed by digesting the storage material in **endosperms**

Question 45

The seed consists of:

Answer 45

The seed consists of 1. **An embryo** 2. **A seed coat** 3. some kind of storage material: usually **endosperm** or **cotyledons**

Question 46

Most of the storage tissue in dicots is\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and it's __________ in monocots

Answer 46

**Cotyledons** make up most of the storage tissue in **dicots** generally (and the remainder is a small embryo such as in peas) **Endosperm** makes up most of the storage material in **monocots,** with a **single cotyledon** that functions to transport nutrients from the endosperm to the embryo (such as in corn)

Question 47

In the embryo, the _______________ becomes the **shoot tip**

Answer 47

The top portion of the embryo, **the epicotyl,** becomes the shoot tip

Question 48

The embryo consists of the following parts:

Answer 48

The embryo consists of * **The epicotyl** * **Plumule** * **The hypocotyl** * **The radicle** * **coleoptile**

Question 49

In an embryo, the following will become what? * The epicotyl becomes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * The hypocotyl becomes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * The radicle becomes the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 49

In an embryo * The epicotyl becomes the shoot tip * The hypocotyl becomes the young shoot * The radicle becomes the root

Question 50

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a sheath that surrounds and protects the epicotyl

Answer 50

**The coleoptile** is a sheath that surrounds and protects the epicotyl

Question 51

Germination begins with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 51

Germination begins with **the imbibition (absorption) of water**

Question 52

In the young seedling, growth occurs at the tips of roots and shoots, called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 52

In a young seedling, growth occurs at the tips of roots and shoots called the **apical meristems**

Question 53

What are **meristematic cells**? Where are they located?

Answer 53

**Meristematic cells** are actively dividing cells, located in **apical meristems**

Question 54

Growth involving meristematic cells is which type of growth?

Answer 54

**Primary growth** happens in the vertical direction and involve apical meristems and their meristematic cells

Question 55

What is another name for the root tip, and what is its function?

Answer 55

The **root cap** protects the apical meristem behind it

Question 56

cells dividing in the apical meristem form the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 56

Cells dividing in the apical meristem form **the zone of cell division**

Question 57

Newly formed cells absorb water and elongate, forming the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 57

The newly formed cells that elongate form **the zone of elongation.** This zone is our perceived sense of growth

Question 58

Behind the zone of elongation is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, What happens here?

Answer 58

Behind the zone of elongation is **the zone of maturation**. Here, cells mature into **xylem, phloem, parenchyma** or **epidermal cells**