Kingdoms Flashcards
Organisms are classified into categories called ________
Organisms are classified into categories called taxa (taxon singular)
The succession order for taxa are:
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
The succession order for taxa are:
- Kingdoms
- Phyla (singular, Phylum) (or Divisions for fungi and plants)
- Classes
- Orders
- Families
- Genus (plural,Genera**)
- Species
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Taxa are organized on the basis of _________, or evolutionary relationships.
Taxa are organized on the basis of P
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ___________.
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called Systematics.
How many kingdoms are used to categorized all organisms? What are they called?
5 kingdoms are used to classify all organisms, These are:
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Protista
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Animalia
Organisms of this kingdom are all prokaryotes
Organisms of the Kingdom Monera are all prokaryotes
The cell wall of most prokaryotes contain ___________, which is ____________. (In contrast, the cell walls of plants contain cellulose)
The cell wall of most prokaryotes contains Peptidoglycans: a polysaccharide modified with polypeptides.
In prokaryotes of the Kingdom Monera the flagella, when present, consist of the _________ protein, _________. It is arranged in ___________
(In eukaryotes, flagella are tubulin, arranged in 9+2 microtubule arrays.)
Flagella, when present in Monereans, consist of the Globular Protein Flaggelin, arranged in helical chains.
Many prokaryotes are organized by their mode of nutrition. What are these two main categories?
Prokaryotes are often categorized as either Autotrophs or Heterotrophs
Define Autotrophs, types of autotrophs, and how they obtain nutrition.
Autotrophs manufacture their own organic compounds.
Photoautotrophs use light energy, as in photosynthesis
Chemoautotrophs use energy obtained from inorganic substances, as in chemosynthesis. Some of these inorganic substances are H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide), NH3 (Ammonia),andother nitrogen compounds (NO2-, NO3-)
Define Heterotrophs
Heterotrophs must obtain their energy by consuming organic substances produced by autotrophs
What are the types of heterotrophic organisms?
- Parasites
- Saprobes (Saprophytes)
These type of organisms obtain their energy from dead, decaying matter.
Saprobes (Saprophytes)
List two names for a type of prokaryote that contribute to the decay of organic matter
Saprobes (Saprophytes) are called Decomposers
These type of organism obtain their energy from the living tissue of hosts
Parasites
These type of prokaryotes need oxygen to live
Obligate aerobes
These type of prokaryotes can only survive in the absence of oxygen
Obligate Anaerobes
These type of prokaryotes grow in the presence of oxygen but can live without it if needed
Facultative Anaerobes
How many distinct groups are there within the Monera? What are they called?
Archaebacteria are distinguished by these 3 major features:
- __________
- __________
- __________
Archaebacteria are distinguished by these 3 major features:
- Lack peptidoglycans in their cell wall
- Their ribosomes are more similar to ribosomes of eukaryotes than to those of eubacteria
- Their plasma membrane contains lipids that differ from those found in the plasma membranes of all other organisms
How many groups of archaebacteria exist? What are they called?
- Methanogens
- Extreme Halophiles (“salt lovers”)
- Thermoacidophiles (“heat and acid lovers”)
These type of archaebacteria are nicknamed “Salt-lovers”. What are they called?
Extreme Halophiles
Are extreme halophiles autotrophic or heterotrophic? What are their oxygen needs? Which distinct group of Monera do they fall under?
Extreme halophiles are archaebacteria
Most are heterotrophic and aerobic
Some are photosynthetic and anaerobic
What is the name of the distinct pigment present in photosynthetic Extreme Halophiles?
Bacteriorhodopsin
Are thermoacidophiles heterotrophic or autotrophic? What type of environments do they habitat?
Thermoacidophiles are chemoautotrophic archaebacteria. They live in hot (60 C to 80 C) and acidic (pH 2 to 4) environments, such as in mineral springs (like the ones found in Yellowstone National Park) or in thermal volcanic vents found on ocean floors.
Methanogens are:
- In which kingdom, and which distinct group of this kingdom?
- heterotrophic or autotrophic?
- Anaerobes, aerobes, or facultative anaerobes?
- They produce __________
Methanogens are:
- Archaebacteria In the Kingdom Monera
- Heterotrophic
- Anaerobes
- They produce Methane (CH4)
What do thermoacidophiles use as their source of energy?
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
