Kingdoms

Question 1

Organisms are classified into categories called ________

Answer 1

Organisms are classified into categories called taxa (taxon singular)

Question 2

The succession order for taxa are:

1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. _____________
7. _____________

Answer 2

The succession order for taxa are:

1. Kingdoms
2. Phyla (singular, Phylum) (or Divisions for fungi and plants)
3. Classes
4. Orders
5. Families
6. Genus (plural,Genera**)
7. Species

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Question 3

Taxa are organized on the basis of _________, or evolutionary relationships.

Answer 3

Taxa are organized on the basis of P

Question 4

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ___________.

Answer 4

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called Systematics.

Question 5

How many kingdoms are used to categorized all organisms? What are they called?

Answer 5

5 kingdoms are used to classify all organisms, These are:

1. Kingdom Monera
2. Kingdom Protista
3. Kingdom Fungi
4. Kingdom Plantae
5. Kingdom Animalia

Question 6

Organisms of this kingdom are all prokaryotes

Answer 6

Organisms of the Kingdom Monera are all prokaryotes

Question 7

The cell wall of most prokaryotes contain ___________, which is ____________. (In contrast, the cell walls of plants contain cellulose)

Answer 7

The cell wall of most prokaryotes contains Peptidoglycans: a polysaccharide modified with polypeptides.

Question 8

In prokaryotes of the Kingdom Monera the flagella, when present, consist of the _________ protein, _________. It is arranged in ___________

(In eukaryotes, flagella are tubulin, arranged in 9+2 microtubule arrays.)

Answer 8

Flagella, when present in Monereans, consist of the Globular Protein Flaggelin, arranged in helical chains.

Question 9

Many prokaryotes are organized by their mode of nutrition. What are these two main categories?

Answer 9

Prokaryotes are often categorized as either Autotrophs or Heterotrophs

Question 10

Define Autotrophs, types of autotrophs, and how they obtain nutrition.

Answer 10

Autotrophs manufacture their own organic compounds.

Photoautotrophs use light energy, as in photosynthesis

Chemoautotrophs use energy obtained from inorganic substances, as in chemosynthesis. Some of these inorganic substances are H₂S (Hydrogen Sulfide), NH₃ (Ammonia),andother nitrogen compounds (NO₂^-, NO₃^-)

Question 11

Define Heterotrophs

Answer 11

Heterotrophs must obtain their energy by consuming organic substances produced by autotrophs

Question 12

What are the types of heterotrophic organisms?

Answer 12

1. Parasites
2. Saprobes (Saprophytes)

Question 13

These type of organisms obtain their energy from dead, decaying matter.

Answer 13

Saprobes (Saprophytes)

Question 14

List two names for a type of prokaryote that contribute to the decay of organic matter

Answer 14

Saprobes (Saprophytes) are called Decomposers

Question 15

These type of organism obtain their energy from the living tissue of hosts

Answer 15

Parasites

Question 16

These type of prokaryotes need oxygen to live

Answer 16

Obligate aerobes

Question 17

These type of prokaryotes can only survive in the absence of oxygen

Answer 17

Obligate Anaerobes

Question 18

These type of prokaryotes grow in the presence of oxygen but can live without it if needed

Answer 18

Facultative Anaerobes

Question 19

How many distinct groups are there within the Monera? What are they called?

Question 20

Archaebacteria are distinguished by these 3 major features:

1. __________
2. __________
3. __________

Answer 20

Archaebacteria are distinguished by these 3 major features:

1. Lack peptidoglycans in their cell wall
2. Their ribosomes are more similar to ribosomes of eukaryotes than to those of eubacteria
3. Their plasma membrane contains lipids that differ from those found in the plasma membranes of all other organisms

Question 21

How many groups of archaebacteria exist? What are they called?

Answer 21

1. Methanogens
2. Extreme Halophiles (“salt lovers”)
3. Thermoacidophiles (“heat and acid lovers”)

Question 22

These type of archaebacteria are nicknamed “Salt-lovers”. What are they called?

Answer 22

Extreme Halophiles

Question 23

Are extreme halophiles autotrophic or heterotrophic? What are their oxygen needs? Which distinct group of Monera do they fall under?

Answer 23

Extreme halophiles are archaebacteria

Most are heterotrophic and aerobic

Some are photosynthetic and anaerobic

Question 24

What is the name of the distinct pigment present in photosynthetic Extreme Halophiles?

Answer 24

Bacteriorhodopsin

Question 25

Are thermoacidophiles heterotrophic or autotrophic? What type of environments do they habitat?

Answer 25

Thermoacidophiles are chemoautotrophic archaebacteria. They live in hot (60 C to 80 C) and acidic (pH 2 to 4) environments, such as in mineral springs (like the ones found in Yellowstone National Park) or in thermal volcanic vents found on ocean floors.

Question 26

Methanogens are:

• In which kingdom, and which distinct group of this kingdom?
• heterotrophic or autotrophic?
• Anaerobes, aerobes, or facultative anaerobes?
• They produce __________

Answer 26

Methanogens are:

• Archaebacteria In the Kingdom Monera
• Heterotrophic
• Anaerobes
• They produce Methane (CH₄)

Question 27

What do thermoacidophiles use as their source of energy?

Answer 27

Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)