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Endocrine System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where are the chemical messages sent in the endocrine system?

A

Target cells

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2
Q

Where does ACE in the Renin-Angiotensin- Aldosterone system of blood pressure regulation predominantly come from?

A

The lungs. It’s made by many organ tissues however.

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3
Q

What do chemical messengers in the endocrine system control?

A

Activities of cells

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4
Q

What makes Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

A

The adenohypophysis (Anterior Pituitary)

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5
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

It’s hyperglycemic

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6
Q

The effects of the endocrine system are generally ______________

A

Slower and longer lasting

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7
Q

Which gland secretes epinephrine?

A

Adrenal medula

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8
Q

What are the sections of the Hypophysis? What are their relative locations?

A

The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

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9
Q

If blood pressure is too high, what hormone is likely to be released?

A

ANP

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10
Q

Aldosterone

A

Increases Blood Volume
Increases Blood Pressure
Increases blood concentration of Na+

Secreted by Adrenal Cortex

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11
Q

Which gland secretes Adrenocorticotropic Releasing Hormone?

A

The adenohypophysis

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12
Q

What is the chemical messenger of the nervous system?

A

Neurotransmitters

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13
Q

What is the main organ of the endocrine system?

A

The Hypothalamus

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14
Q

What function does the neurohypophysis serve? Is it an endocrine gland?

A

The neurohypophysis is not a true endocrine gland, because it does not make any hormones. However, it stores and releases hormones made in the hypothalamus.

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15
Q

Which gland secretes TRH (Thyroid Releasing Hormone)?

A

The hypothalamus

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16
Q

What is an example of a hormone antagonistic to Calcitonin?

A

PTH

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17
Q

______________= the site of spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules

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18
Q

What systems is the hypothalamus part of?

A

The nervous system and endocrine system, which is why it’s said to be a Neuroendocrine organ

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19
Q

Where is the plasma protein Angiotensinogen made? What’s it’s role in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system of blood pressure regulation?

A

It’s made in the liver, and renin catalyzes the reaction to transform it into Angiotensin I

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20
Q

Which gland secretes mineralocorticoids?

A

Zona Glomerulosa of the Adrenal Cortex

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21
Q

What’s an example of a glucocorticoid?

A

Cortisol

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22
Q

What does Parathyroid Hormone do?

A

PTH increases the concentration of Ca++ in the blood

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23
Q

Which gland secretes PTH? What does it stand for?

A

Parathyroid hormone is made by the parathyroid glands

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24
Q

What does FSH do in females?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone in females is a responsible for the maturation of follicles.

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25
Q

What are two other names for ovarian follicles?

A

Graafian follicle, vesicular follicle

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26
Q

Growth hormone, or ____________, is made by _____________

A

Somatotropin; adenohypophysis

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27
Q

What does Angiotensin II do?

A

It constricts blood vessels and stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone to raise blood pressure

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28
Q

True or false: the Zona Reticularis makes Gonadotropic hormones

A

False. The Zona Reticularis does secretes gonadocorticoids, NOT gonadotropic releasing hormones (secreted by the hypothalamus)

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29
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP or ANH)

A

Reduces Blood volume and blood pressure; decreases blood concentration of Na+

Secreted by heart

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30
Q

What are two examples of hormones made in the hypothalamus, but stored and released by the neurohypophysis?

A

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH)

31
Q

What do the hormones Triiodothyronine and Tetraiodothyronine do?

A

T3 and T4 speed up metabolism

32
Q

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine is the response of what kind of stimuli?

A

Neural stimuli

33
Q

In males, Leydig cells, also known as 1)______________, are located in between 2)_______________ (the site of spermatogenesis). These cells are stimulated by 3)____________ to make 4)______________

A

1) interstitial cells
2) seminiferous tubules
3) Luteinizing hormone
4) testosterone

34
Q

In males, ______________ stimulates seminiferous tubules to make ___________

A

Follicle stimulating hormone; sperm cells

35
Q

Which hormone inhibits aldosterone release?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone

36
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located? How many of them are there?

A

Anywhere from 4-12 embedded in the posterior aspect of the thyroid

37
Q

What are the hormones of the adenohypophysis that are NOT tropic?

A

1) Somatotropin (Growth Hormone)
2) Prolactin
3) MSH (Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone)

38
Q

Which gland makes/secretes Calcitonin?

A

The thyroid gland

39
Q

Which hormone stimulates the _________________ to secrete cortisol?

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) stimulates the Zona Fasciculata of the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, such as cortisol

40
Q

Which gland secretes gonadocorticoids? What are they?

A

Zona Reticularis of the adrenal cortex. They are sex hormones

41
Q

Interstitial Cells Stimulating hormone is also known as ______________

A

Luteinizing hormone

42
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

It lowers the concentration of Ca++ in the blood

43
Q

What is another name for the Hypophysis?

A

Pituitary Gland

44
Q

What do chemical messages in the nervous system control?

A

Muscles and Glands

45
Q

Which gland secretes Corticotropic releasing hormone? (CRH)

A

The hypothalamus

46
Q

Which gland secretes Gonadotropic releasing hormones?

A

Hypothalamus

47
Q

How would you describe the effects of chemical messengers communicating in the nervous system?

A

Rapid and short-lasting

48
Q

What is the chemical messenger of the endocrine system?

A

Hormones

49
Q

Which gland secretes Aldosterone?

A

Zona Glomerulosa of Adrenal Cortex

50
Q

What are the 4 constituents, in order from most superficial layer to deepest layer, of the adrenal glands?

A

1) Zona Glomerulosa
2) Zona Fasciculata
3) Zona Reticularis
4) Adrenal Medula

1,2,3 make up the adrenal cortex

51
Q

Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone would stimulate the ___________ to secrete _____________

A

Adenohypophysis; Lutenizing hormone

52
Q

Which gland secretes ANP?

A

Heart

53
Q

The newly discovered “caramel macchiato releasing hormone” is secreted by the __________

A

Hypothalamus (any “releasing” or “inhibiting” hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus)

54
Q

What makes glucagon?

A

The pancreas

55
Q

What’s an example of a Mineralocorticoid?

A

Aldosterone

56
Q

What is an example of a hormone antagonistic to Glucagon?

A

Insulin

57
Q

Which gland secretes norepinephrine?

A

Adrenal medula

58
Q

Where are the chemical messages sent to in the nervous system?

A

Synapses

59
Q

What is meant by a humoral stimuli?

A

Humoral stimuli are responses to low/high concentrations of certain chemicals in the body

60
Q

What is the function of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)?

A

Converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II

61
Q

What makes/secretes insulin? What does insulin do?

A

The pancreas makes insulin. It’s hypoglycemic, so it lowers sugar concentration in the blood

62
Q

How does Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) play a role in the production/secretion of thyroid hormones, such as Triiodothyronine and Tetraiodothyronine?

A

1) TRH (Secreted by the hypothalamus) stimulates the adenohypophysis to make Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
2) Then, Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to make T3 and T4

63
Q

A surge of FSH in females would ultimately result in _______

A

Follicle stimulating hormone is responsible for the maturation of follicles in the ovaries. Increased FSH means more mature follicles, which means an increased number of mature gametes (eggs)

64
Q

Which gland secretes glucocorticoids?

A

Zona Fasciculata of the Adrenal Cortex

65
Q

What is the function of epinephrine?

A

It’s hyperglycemic, so it raises blood sugar, and it induces glycogenolysis

66
Q

What is meant by a “Tropic Hormone”?

A

A tropic hormone is a hormone that affects the release of OTHER hormones, made by another gland

67
Q

What are the tropic hormones of the adenohypophysis?

A

1) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
2) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
3) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

They can be remembered with the acronym FLAT 
F. SH
L. H
A. CTH
T.  SH
68
Q

What are two examples of Gn-RH’s? (Gonadotropic releasing hormones)

A

Follicle releasing Hormones (FRH) and Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)

69
Q

In females, Luteinizing hormone is responsible for __________

A

Ovulation (the ovum released from a mature follicle)

70
Q

In males, the presence of Luteinizing hormone eventually results in the production of _________

A

Testosterone

71
Q

What’s an example of a hormone that’s antagonistic to aldosterone?

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP/ANH)

72
Q

The newly discovered “caramel macchiato inhibiting hormone” is secreted by the ___________

A

Hypothalamus (any “releasing” or “inhibiting” hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus)

73
Q

What steroid hormones does the placenta secrete?

A

The placenta secretes estrogen and progesterone

74
Q

What is the “hormone of pregnancy”? Where is it secreted from?

A

The hormone of pregnancy is Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Biology (7 decks)

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