Plants Flashcards
What are the main characteristics of all plants?
- multicellular
- autotrophic (photosynthetic)
- eukaryotic
- cell walls of cellulose
Know the functions of the main parts of plants: leaves, stem, flower, roots
leaves- collect sunlight
stem- hold up plant, let food and water travel
flower- attract bugs to pollinate
roots- get nutrients from dirt
Know the parts of a flower and the function of each.
i) Sepal – under. Leaf like layer
ii) Petals – come from sepal, attract insects and other polinators
iii) Stamen – inner, behind petals, male part,
(1) Filament- connects anther to sepal
(2) Anther - on top, makes & releases pollen
iv) Pistil – carpels (stigma, style, ovule, ovary) are all fused into pistil, all female reproductive structure
(1) Stigma – mounted on top of style, tip where pollen lands and grow
(2) Style – tube between stigma and ovary, has ovary on bottom
(3) Ovary – base, eggs are stored from ovule
(4) Seed – starts new flower, fertilized egg, in fruit
Which flower parts are male? Female?
Male Parts
Stamen
This is the male part of the flower. It is made up of the filament and anther, it is the pollen producing part of the plant. The number of stamen is usually the same as the number of petals.
Anther
This is the part of the stamen that produces and contains pollen. It is usually on top of a long stalk that looks like a fine hair.
Filament
This is the fine hair-like stalk that the anther sits on top of.
Female Parts
Pistil
This is the female part of the flower. It is made up of the stigma, style, and ovary. Each pistil is constructed of one to many rolled leaflike structures.
Stigma
One of the female parts of the flower. It is the sticky bulb that you see in the center of the flowers, it is the part of the pistil of a flower which receives the pollen grains and on which they germinate.
Style
Another female part of the flower. This is the long stalk that the stigma sits on top of.
Ovary
The part of the plant, usually at the bottom of the flower, that has the seeds inside and turns into the fruit that we eat. The ovary contains ovules.
Ovule
The part of the ovary that becomes the seeds.
Know the layers of the leaf and the function of each layer. What is the function of the stoma?
a) Parts: (Book Chapter 10, WS)
i) Blade- leaf around veins. Flat part of the leaf
ii) Stalk (petiole)- connects leaf to plant,
iii) Veins- bring nutrients up and down
iv) Midrib- big vein that connects small veins
v) Cuticle- upper layer of plant cell, waxy, protects and prevents water loss. On bottom and top
vi) Epidermis – underneath waxy layer/cuticle and lets things in and out.
vii) Mesophyll layer
(1) Palisade layer – underneath upper epidermis, most photosynthesis
(2) Spongy layer – surrounds cell, open spaces, loose, filled with gasses (Water vapor, CO2, oxygen)
viii) Stomata (plural, stoma singular) – little holes that let oxygen in
ix) Guard Cells- guard the stoma. Open and close stoma
Stoma- lets gasses through
Describe the processes of pollination and fertilization.
pollination- getting pollen from stamen to pistil
fertilization- sperm from pollen reaching ovum and being fertilized by egg to become seed.
Meiosis- two different halves form one
Mitosis- splits in two clones
Write the equation for photosynthesis and explain the importance of each reactant and product, and explain details of the reaction in the middle.
6 CO2 + 12 H2O + sun → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
(carbon dioxide + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen + water).
ADD MORE
Where does new plant material come from? From what materials exactly?
Food, glucose, carbo-hydrates
The raw materials for plants are Carbon dioxide, water, light and small amounts of chemicals like nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
Plants take in carbon dioxide through their tiny openings, the stomata, from the surrounding air .
They take water from the soil through their roots. The other chemicals are dissolved in the water and also absorbed through the roots.
