Matter and Solutions

Question 1

What two properties does all matter have?

Answer 1

The two properties of all matter is mass and volume.

Question 2

What are some physical properties of water?

Answer 2

i) Pure water is colorless, odorless and tasteless liquid.
(ii) Pure water freezes atomic 0°C and boils atomic 100°C under 1 atm pressure.
(iii) Water is a non-conductor of electricity and heat.
(iv) The density of water is maximum atomic 4°C. The density of the water atomic 4°C is 1g/ml.
(v) Water is neutral to litmus, i.e., it has been no effect only the color of litmus.
(vi) Water dissolves a wide variety of substances.

Question 3

Chemical properties?

Answer 3

It is not a conductor., H20, polar molecule, most common solvent.

Question 4

Write the formula for density.

Answer 4

(D=M/V) mass/ volume

Question 5

What happens in a density column?

Answer 5

More dense- sinks, less dense- floats

Question 6

How does temperature affect density?

Answer 6

Higher temp = lower density, the substance expands.

Question 7

pure substance,

Answer 7

pure substance is any single type of material.

Question 8

homogenous mixture,

Answer 8

A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.

Homogeneous mixtures: air, blood, saturated sugar water
looks the same throughout

Question 9

heterogeneous mixture.

Answer 9

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties.

Heterogeneous mixtures: rocks, oil and water, soup, pizza
different visible parts

Question 10

solution

Answer 10

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these.

Question 11

saturated,

Answer 11

(of a solution) containing the maximum amount of solute capable of being dissolved under given conditions.

Question 12

solute,

Answer 12

the substance dissolved in a given solution.

Question 13

solvent,

Answer 13

a substance that dissolves another to form a solution: Water is a solvent for sugar.

Question 14

solubility,

Answer 14

the quality or property of being soluble; relative capability of being dissolved.

Question 15

soluble,

Answer 15

capable of being dissolved or liquefied: a soluble powder

Question 16

insoluble,

Answer 16

incapable of being dissolved: insoluble salts.

Question 17

unsaturated,

Answer 17

not saturated; having the power to dissolve still more of a substance.

Question 18

precipitate,

Answer 18

A precipitate is an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution. The emergence of the insoluble solid from solution is called precipitation. Often the precipitate emerges as a suspension.

Question 19

re-crystallize

Answer 19

to dissolve and subsequently crystallize (a substance) from the solution, as in purifying chemical compounds, or (of a substance) to crystallize in this way

Question 20

Practice the solubility curve questions attached to this packet

Answer 20

.

Question 21

Explain each of the following separation techniques and the type of solution they would be used to separate: filtration, evaporation, chromatography, and distillation. When did we use each one in class?

Answer 21

Filtration: separate solids from liquids. We filtered the dirt from salt.

Evaporation: Water into gas. We evaporated mixtures of salt and water, blue crystals and water, etc. to see what substances can be separated from liquids.

chromatography: See what colors are in a specific marker. Most soluble colors travels up fastest. We used this to find which marker was used to write a letter.
distillation: A method of separating a substance that is in solution from its solvent or of separating a liquid from a mixture of liquids having different boiling points. The liquid to be separated is evaporated (as by boiling), and its vapor is then collected after it condenses. Distillation is used to separate fresh water from a salt solution and gasoline from petroleum. The condensed vapor, which is the purified liquid, is called the distillate.