Plants

Question 1

Word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 1

Carbon dioxide + water ~ glucose + oxygen

Question 2

Where does photosynthesis take place

Answer 2

Chloroplasts

Question 3

What is an endothermic reaction ?

Answer 3

A reaction that takes in energy

Question 4

Why is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction?

Answer 4

Photosynthesis takes in light energy, so products of the reaction contain more energy than the reactants

Question 5

Glucose?

Answer 5

Used for respiration

Question 6

Starch?

Answer 6

Stored in plant cells or broken down into sucrose for transport around the plant

Question 7

Sucrose?

Answer 7

Soluble sugar transported in phloem via translocation

Question 8

What causes stomata to open and close?

Answer 8

Water flows in guard cells and they become turgid and open or flaccid when they don’t have water and close

Question 9

Leaf adaptations to photosynthesis?

Answer 9

Large surface area, palisade layer at the top of the leaf, lots of chloroplasts

Question 10

A limiting factor of photosynthesis?

Answer 10

Temperature, light intensity, carbon dioxide

Question 11

What happens when the temperature is too high?

Answer 11

Enzymes are denatured

Question 12

What do roots do?

Answer 12

Absorb water and mineral ions

Question 13

How does water travel into the roots?

Answer 13

Osmosis through cytoplasm and by diffusion through cell walls

Question 14

What does xylem transport?

Answer 14

Water and mineral ions

Question 15

Structure of xylem vessels?

Answer 15

No cytoplasm to increase area water can flow through

Question 16

What does phloem transport?

Answer 16

Sugars-sucrose

Question 17

How are root hair cells adapted?

Answer 17

Large surface area, thin cell walls

Question 18

Diffusion and osmosis?

Answer 18

Down concentration gradient and requires no energy

Question 19

Active transport?

Answer 19

Against concentration gradient and requires energy

Question 20

Transpiration?

Answer 20

Movement of water from roots, up xylem leaves where it evaporates through stomata

Question 21

Translocation?

Answer 21

Transport of sugars from leaves around the plant in the phloem

Question 22

How do plants adapt to hot environments?

Answer 22

No leaves to reduce water loss

Question 23

Diffusion?

Answer 23

Down a concentration gradient. From high to low concentration

Question 24

Osmosis?

Answer 24

Movement of water particles through a partially permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration of water

Question 25

Affect of increasing light intensity?

Answer 25

Increasing light intensity increases rate of photosynthesis until it levels off due to a limiting factor

Question 26

Companion cells?

Answer 26

Next to phloem vessel with small pores. Contain mitochondria to provide energy for active transport

Question 27

How does light intensity affect rate of transpiration?

Answer 27

Light intensity- increases rate- stomata open wider(allows CO2 in and water out)

Question 28

How does wind speed affect transpiration?

Answer 28

Wind speed- increase transpiration- water is moved away from stomata quicker

Question 29

Temperature increase affect on transpiration?

Answer 29

Temperature increase- increases transpiration- increased diffusion/evaporation

Question 30

Humidity increase affect on transpiration?

Answer 30

Humidity increase- decreases transpiration- more water around leaf affects concentration gradient

Question 31

Xylem adaptations?

Answer 31

Cells are dead, no cytoplasm, leaving space to transport water and minerals. Top and bottom cell walls are gone but side walls stay and have lignin to keep it solid so it can withstand water pressure

Question 32

Adaptations of phloem?

Answer 32

Siege cell has little cytoplasm and no nucleus, this makes more space to transport sucrose. Companion cells have lots of mitochondria to help release energy for active transport

Question 33

Differences between xylem and phloem?

Answer 33

Xylem- dead, empty, lignin in walls, transport water and minerals Phloem- alive, companion cells have nucleus, vacuole and mitochondria, active transport, transports sugars

Question 34

Affects photosynthesis?

Answer 34

Chlorophyll, water, carbon dioxide, sunlight

Question 35

How much carbon dioxide affect on photosynthesis?

Answer 35

Increasing photosynthesis with increasing % of CO2 until limiting factor stops increase

Question 36

Temperature affect on photosynthesis?

Answer 36

As temp increases, so does photosynthesis, until it reaches optimal temp, then after enzymes are denatured

Question 37

Light intensity affect on photosynthesis?

Answer 37

No photosynthesis in the dark. Then increases as intensity increases until limiting factors stop the increase.

Question 38

Cuticle?

Answer 38

Waxy layer on leaf

Question 39

Upper epidermis?

Answer 39

Covers plant

Question 40

Palisade mesophyll?

Answer 40

Where photosynthesis happens

Question 41

Spongy mesophyll?

Answer 41

Space for gas exchange

Question 42

Lower epidemis?

Answer 42

Covers plant

Question 43

Guard cells?

Answer 43

Open and close to allow transpiration