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Biology > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water ~ glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place

A

Chloroplasts

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3
Q

What is an endothermic reaction ?

A

A reaction that takes in energy

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4
Q

Why is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction?

A

Photosynthesis takes in light energy, so products of the reaction contain more energy than the reactants

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5
Q

Glucose?

A

Used for respiration

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6
Q

Starch?

A

Stored in plant cells or broken down into sucrose for transport around the plant

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7
Q

Sucrose?

A

Soluble sugar transported in phloem via translocation

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8
Q

What causes stomata to open and close?

A

Water flows in guard cells and they become turgid and open or flaccid when they don’t have water and close

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9
Q

Leaf adaptations to photosynthesis?

A

Large surface area, palisade layer at the top of the leaf, lots of chloroplasts

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10
Q

A limiting factor of photosynthesis?

A

Temperature, light intensity, carbon dioxide

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11
Q

What happens when the temperature is too high?

A

Enzymes are denatured

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12
Q

What do roots do?

A

Absorb water and mineral ions

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13
Q

How does water travel into the roots?

A

Osmosis through cytoplasm and by diffusion through cell walls

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14
Q

What does xylem transport?

A

Water and mineral ions

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15
Q

Structure of xylem vessels?

A

No cytoplasm to increase area water can flow through

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16
Q

What does phloem transport?

A

Sugars-sucrose

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17
Q

How are root hair cells adapted?

A

Large surface area, thin cell walls

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18
Q

Diffusion and osmosis?

A

Down concentration gradient and requires no energy

19
Q

Active transport?

A

Against concentration gradient and requires energy

20
Q

Transpiration?

A

Movement of water from roots, up xylem leaves where it evaporates through stomata

21
Q

Translocation?

A

Transport of sugars from leaves around the plant in the phloem

22
Q

How do plants adapt to hot environments?

A

No leaves to reduce water loss

23
Q

Diffusion?

A

Down a concentration gradient. From high to low concentration

24
Q

Osmosis?

A

Movement of water particles through a partially permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration of water

25
Q

Affect of increasing light intensity?

A

Increasing light intensity increases rate of photosynthesis until it levels off due to a limiting factor

26
Q

Companion cells?

A

Next to phloem vessel with small pores. Contain mitochondria to provide energy for active transport

27
Q

How does light intensity affect rate of transpiration?

A

Light intensity- increases rate- stomata open wider(allows CO2 in and water out)

28
Q

How does wind speed affect transpiration?

A

Wind speed- increase transpiration- water is moved away from stomata quicker

29
Q

Temperature increase affect on transpiration?

A

Temperature increase- increases transpiration- increased diffusion/evaporation

30
Q

Humidity increase affect on transpiration?

A

Humidity increase- decreases transpiration- more water around leaf affects concentration gradient

31
Q

Xylem adaptations?

A

Cells are dead, no cytoplasm, leaving space to transport water and minerals. Top and bottom cell walls are gone but side walls stay and have lignin to keep it solid so it can withstand water pressure

32
Q

Adaptations of phloem?

A

Siege cell has little cytoplasm and no nucleus, this makes more space to transport sucrose.
Companion cells have lots of mitochondria to help release energy for active transport

33
Q

Differences between xylem and phloem?

A

Xylem- dead, empty, lignin in walls, transport water and minerals
Phloem- alive, companion cells have nucleus, vacuole and mitochondria, active transport, transports sugars

34
Q

Affects photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll, water, carbon dioxide, sunlight

35
Q

How much carbon dioxide affect on photosynthesis?

A

Increasing photosynthesis with increasing % of CO2 until limiting factor stops increase

36
Q

Temperature affect on photosynthesis?

A

As temp increases, so does photosynthesis, until it reaches optimal temp, then after enzymes are denatured

37
Q

Light intensity affect on photosynthesis?

A

No photosynthesis in the dark. Then increases as intensity increases until limiting factors stop the increase.

38
Q

Cuticle?

A

Waxy layer on leaf

39
Q

Upper epidermis?

A

Covers plant

40
Q

Palisade mesophyll?

A

Where photosynthesis happens

41
Q

Spongy mesophyll?

A

Space for gas exchange

42
Q

Lower epidemis?

A

Covers plant

43
Q

Guard cells?

A

Open and close to allow transpiration

Biology (8 decks)

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