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Biology > Health And Disease > Flashcards

Health And Disease Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Disease?

A

A problem with a structure or process in the body that is not due to injury.

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2
Q

Non communicable?

A

Not infectious, can’t be passed on

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3
Q

Communicable?

A

Can be passed on, infectious

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4
Q

Causes of scurvy?

A

Lack of vitamin C, bleeding gums, aching muscles

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5
Q

Causes of rickets?

A

Lack of vitamin D or calcium makes curvy bones

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6
Q

Anaemia cause?

A

Lack of iron, tiredness, less and smaller red blood cells

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7
Q

BMI equation?

A

BMI=mass/height (squared)

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8
Q

Smoking affects?

A

Damage artery lining, builds fat in artery wall, blood clot may block artery

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9
Q

How to treat cardiovascular disease?

A

With a stent, which is a mesh tube which holds it open to widen to let more blood through

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10
Q

Virus?

A

Virus’ aren’t true organisms because they do not have cellular structure. They multiply by infecting a cell.

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11
Q

Carriers of a disease are also called?

A

Vectors

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12
Q

Example of physical barriers?

A

Skin

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13
Q

Example of chemical barrier?

A

Sweat, mucus, tears

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14
Q

Process of lymphocyte attacking a pathogen?

A

Lymphocytes have antibodies, other cells and viruses have antigens on their surface. When a lymphocyte comes into contact with a pathogen and their antibody fits the antigen it activates the lymphocyte and it multiplies and send out large amounts of antibodies which deactivate the pathogen

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15
Q

What are memory lymphocytes?

A

Lymphocytes that have attacked a pathogen in the last will now have a much quicker secondary response if the pathogen is in the body again, making you immune to that pathogen

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16
Q

Discovery of penicillin?

A

He found where mould grew, bacteria was killed. He concluded mould made penicillin. It became the first antibiotic

17
Q

Cholera?

A

Bacteria spread through water. Effects the elderly, babies and pregnant women the most. Causes diarrhoea and in turn causes dehydration

18
Q

Tuberculosis?

A

Bacteria spread through coughing and sneezing. Causes bloody cough, fever, fatigue and can be fatal. Can prevent through BCG vaccine

19
Q

Stomach ulcers?

A

Bacteria spread through sick. Causes vomiting blood, blood in poo and very painful

20
Q

Ebola?

A

Virus spread through body fluids. Cause vomiting, rash, liver and kidneys to stop working. Highly contagious

21
Q

Chlamydia?

A

Bacteria spread through unprotected sex. Smelly discharge, pain when urinating , swollen testicles. Can cause you to become infertile

22
Q

HIV?

A

Virus spread through sharing needles, unprotected sex, or childbirth .Attacks white blood cells so immune system is weakened. Can cause AIDS which means any disease can become fatal

23
Q

Malaria?

A

Parasite spread through female mosquitoes. Causes fever, diarrhoea, sweats and chills, vomiting. It can be lethal

24
Q

How immune system attacks?

A

White blood cells produce engulf pathogens and digest them. White blood cells produce antibodies to recognise them. They provide antitoxins to counteract bacterial toxins

25
Q

How does bacteria become antibiotic resistant?

A

Antibiotics kill off non-resistant bacteria and bacteria multiply so quickly that mutations which make them resistant are made then they multiply quickly and spread because they survive

26
Q

3 things new drugs need to be tested for?

A

Toxicity- side effects
Efficacy- how good is it compared to what’s already on the market
Dose- how much of it is needed

27
Q

Cardiovascular disease?

A

Fat clogs up coronary artieries
Blood clots form that block arteries
Risk factors are smoking, salty or fatty diet, high blood pressure

28
Q

BMIs healthy or not?

A

Lower 18.4= underweight
18.5-24.9=healthy
25-29.9=overweight
30+ obese

29
Q

How to test fir fats/lipids?

A

Emulsion test- add ethanol and water and shake. If present it will turn cloudy

30
Q

How to test for starch?

A

Iodine test- add iodine and if it’s present it will turn black or blue

31
Q

Test for sugar?

A

Benedict’s test- add benedict’s solution, heat for two minutes. If there’s lots of sugar it will be red, pale green or yellow if there’s only a little

32
Q

Test for protein?

A

Buiret’s test- add biurets solution and if it turns purple it is present

Biology (8 decks)

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