Plants 3 Flashcards
what characteristic is shared by vascular and nonvascular plants?
spores
Lycophytes are sister to what group?
Euphyllophytes
A structure produced by some green algae but never in land plants is?
Phycoplast
What structure/characteristic is found in ferns but not seed plants?
Antheridia
Is the nucleus megasporangium of a pine haploid or diploid?
diploid
The sporophyte of non vascular plants is independent or dependent?
dependent
the sporophyte of vascular plants are independent or dependent?
independent
Do progymnosperms make seeds/ovules?
NO
Flowers have highly reduced ____?
gametophytes
Name a specific species that was a porgymnosperm
Archaeopteris
Name an example of a seeded fern that went extinct
Medullosa
Name the 4 living gymnosperm clades
conifers, ginkos, cycads, gnetophytes
Describe cycads
around 300 species, tropical/subtropical, large compound leaves (palm trees), dioecious sporophytes, cones, much parenchyma, flagellated sperm in pollen tube
Describe Gnetophytes
around 70 species, double fertilization, ancient, some lack archegonia, insect pollination, compound cones
Name the 3 genera of Gnetophytes
Gnetum ,Ephedra, Welwit
Name the 3 genera of Gnetophytes
Gnetum ,Ephedra, Welwit WEG
Describe Gnetum
dioecious tree or vine that lives in the wet tropics, no archegonia, insect pollination
Describe Ephedra
looks like horsetails (Equistrium), dioecious and monoecious, vessels, double fertilization, flower like cones
Describe Ephedra
looks like horsetails (Equistrium), dioecious and monoecious, vessels, double fertilization, flower like cones. Drug Ephedrine, raises blood pressure, used for weightloss
Describe Welwits
stem buried in desert soils, dioecious, cone bearing, forms vessels in xylem, no archegonia
Describe Ginkgos
only 1 species, the Ginko. Dioecious sporophytes, flagellated sperm cells, known for dietary supplement, tolerant of pollution and pests
Describe conifers
around 550 species, sporophyte with leaves, stems made of short and long roots
Describe conifers
around 550 species, sporophyte with leaves, stems made of short and long roots, male and female cones
In a pine male cone, the microspore mother cells are haploid/diploid
diploid
Pinecone microspores undergo two mitotic divisions to produce a _____ celled microgametophyte
4
Megaspore mother cells are haploid/diploid
diploid
megaspores are haploid/diploid
haploid
Out of 4 megaspores,
___________ die
three
Embrionic leaves of a pine are called _________
cotyledons
Name the 3 parts of a pine seed as well as their ploidy
seed coat (2n), female gametophyte tissue (n) and embryo (2n)
Name the 4 unique characteristics of gymnosperm life cycles
- male gametophytes move in air 2. no antheridia, pollen tube transports male gametes (internal fertilization 3. gametes produced after fertilization 4. seeds protected by seed coat and provides embryos w food supply
