Plants 1 Flashcards
About how many species of angiosperms are there?
300.000
Describe characteristics of glaucophytes
chlorophyll a only, chloroplast w/ peptidoglycan, some w and w/o cell wall/cellulose
Describe characteristics of red algae
chlorophyll a only, phycobilins, complex life cycle, no flagellated cells, cellulose cell walls
Describe characteristics of Green plants
chlorophyll a and b, starch, cellulose cell walls,
Describe characteristics of streptophytes- what kind of growth? Presence of what two p things?
plasmodesmata, apical growth, phragmoplast, sporopollenin (includes charophytes and land plants)
Describe the type of gametes of embryophytes and the type of meiosis they undergo
oogamous, sporic meiosis
Flowering plants undergo __________ fertilization
double fertilization
why do flowering plants use double fertilization
to produce endosperm
Name the two subgroups of green algae
Chlorophytes and Charophytes
What kind of meiosis do green algae utilize?
gametic sporic and zygotic
Chlorophytes have a ____ during cell division?
phycoplast
Charophytes have a ______ during cell divison?
phragmoplast
Which group of green algae is more closely related to land plants?
charophytes
Name the 3 Chlorophyte species we went over for this class
Volvox, Chlamydomonas, Ulva
What kind of meiosis does Chlamydomonas use?
zygotic
What kind of meiosis does volvox use?
zygotic
What kind of meiosis does Ulva use?
sporic
Name the 3 charophyta groups we went over in class
Coleochaete, Chara, Spirogyra
Earliest land plants date back to?
470 mya
First land plants were vas/nonvas?
nonvascular
First vascular plant microfossils date back to?
425 mya
name the 5 traits of early land plants
sporic meiosis, oogamous, apical grouwth, motile sperm, internal conductive tissue (heidroids/leptoids in some, xylem/phloem in others)
Name the 3 phyla of nonvascular plants (not monophyletic)
Liverworts, hornworts, mosses
How do liverworts reproduce?
Gemma cups (Asexual)
Do liverworts have stomates or cuticle?
no
Name an example of a liverwort species
Marchantia
Marchantia male gametophytes produce
antheridia
Marchantia female gametophytes produce
archegonia
Marchantia mature sporophyte is attached to
the female gametophyte
Mosses have a dominant _______
gameotphyte
There was a recent discovery of _______ in the moss Physcomitrella
peptidoglycan
What makes mosses somewhat related to nonvascular plants?
genes that make hydroids and leptoids
What genes are required to make peptidoglycan?
Mur
What is a synonym for leaf?
microphyll
mosses have asexual reproduction by
fragmentation and some gemma
stomata and cuticle only present on the _________ of mosses
sporophytes
Moss spores germinate and produce a short-lived ________ that eventually buds into a leafy gametophyte
protonema
spores, protonema, gametophytes, are all
haploid
Anthocerophyta are
hornworts
name an example of species of hornworts as gone over in class
Anthoceros
Hornwort sporophytes are ___________ but still dependent on gametophyte for minerals and water
photosynthetic