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bio 152 > Plants 2 > Flashcards

Plants 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

properties of water

A

-hydrogen bonding (liquid at room temp/ high heat capacity)
-cohesion and adhesion (move up, create high surface tension, etc)
- Universal solvent

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2
Q

plant water transport methods

A

diffusion, mass flow, osmosis

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3
Q

diffussion

A

random movement of molecules from a high to low concentration
*membrane not required

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4
Q

mass flow

A

large distance transport driven by pressure difference

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5
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane (low solute conc -> high solute conc)

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6
Q

water potential

A

parameter that combines effects of solute conc and pressure of the system

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7
Q

how to calculate water potential

A

pressure potential + solute potential

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8
Q

pressure potential

A

positive in all living cells

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9
Q

solute potential

A

more negative the higher the solute concentration

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10
Q

why don’t plant cells explode when a lot of water flows in

A

turgor pressure: water push against rigid cell wall

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11
Q

if a cell with a negative water potential is placed in pure water what will happen

A

water will flow into the cell

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12
Q

if a cell with a negative water potential is placed in a solution with a more negative potential what will happen

A

water moves out of the cell

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13
Q

what direction does water move in terms of water potenital

A

from number closer to 0 to number further from 0 (high-> low)

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14
Q

if 2 cells come in contact with different water potentials where will the water flow

A

to the cell with the more negative potential until equilibrium is reached.

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15
Q

transpiration

A

water evaporation through the stomata

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16
Q

pros of transpiration

A

allows stomata to remain open for CO2 diffusion in the cell

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17
Q

how much of cells water is used for transpiration

A

95%

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18
Q

vapor pressure

A

pressure exerted by a vapor hitting and bouncing back off of a liquid

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19
Q

vapor pressure and humidity

A

low humidity= low vapor pressure
high humidity= high vapor pressure

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20
Q

vapor pressure difference

A

he difference between the pressure of water vapor in saturated air (at 100% relative humidity inside the leaf) and the actual pressure of water vapor in the surrounding air at a given temperature

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21
Q

relative humidity

A

partial pressure of water vapor/ saturated vapor pressure

22
Q

air vapor pressure/humidity impact on transpiration

A

higher air vp (more humid) = increased transpiration rate

23
Q

Stomatal conductance

A

amount the stomata are open

24
Q

how are stomata opened

A

controlled by guard cells
*energy dependent process

25
Q

mech for guard cells opening stomata

A

1) ATP made through photosynthesis/ respiration
2) protons pumped out of cell and ions move in increasing solute conc
3)osmosis brings water into the cell
4) cells swell up and open stomata

26
Q

guard cells response to environmental cues: intercellular co2 conc

A

neg relationship:
-stomata open when photosynthesis happening which uses up all CO2 right away (not stored)
-stop photosynthesis, CO2 accumulated in cells

27
Q

guard cells response to environmental cues: light intensity

A

pos relationship:
-more sunlight -> faster photosynthesis -> need CO2 -> stomata open

28
Q

guard cells response to environmental cues: soil moisture content

A

pos relationship:
-more water access plant has the less they need to conserve water -> stomata open to get CO2

29
Q

guard cells response to environmental cues: vapor pressure diff

A

neg relationship:
-open in moist air (increased transpiration)
-closed in dry air/ high vp difference to conserve water

30
Q

guard cells response to environmental cues: leaf temp

A

pos then neg
-warm up -> increase rate of photosynthesis -> open for CO2
-too hot -> guard cell membranes too fluid and cannot keep open

31
Q

what determines transpiration rate if the stomata does not adjust/ stays open

A

vapor-pressure difference

32
Q

xylem water transport

A

water movement from roots -> leaves ; pulled up through xylem tissue

33
Q

xylem sap components

A

mostly pure water with >1mM amino acids/nutrients

34
Q

water potential of xylem sap

A

water potential = pressure potential (since solute potential virtually zero_

35
Q

what does water move through

A

tracheids and vessels in the xylem tissue

36
Q

characteristics of tracheids and vessels

A
  • dead at maturity
    -2 cell wall; strong to resist water pressure
    -elongated
37
Q

water movement though a plant: structure

A

1 continuous network of vascular xylem tissue

38
Q

role of adhesion in water movement

A

water holds onto cellulose microfibrils in cell wall matrix

39
Q

role of cohesion in water movement

A

water hold onto other water molecules to hold up column of water

40
Q

minisci

A

meniscus formed in between microfibrils touching air water interface

41
Q

how is negative pressure created at the site of evaporation

A

evaporation from air-water interface -> steeper meniscus -> less hydrogen bonding
Cell Wall response: form more H bonds -> pulls up meniscus -> neg pressure

42
Q

cohesion tension theory

A

pressure potential gradient across plant pulls water from highest positive pressure -> most negative pressure (root -> leaf)

43
Q

what part of the plant has a the most negative water potential

A

leaves

44
Q

phloem transport

A

mass flow hypothesis: moves sugars from source -> sinks throughout plant in any direction

45
Q

sugar sources

A

any photosynthetic organs (leaves, some stems) and storage cells with sugars

46
Q

sugar sink

A

any organ needing sugar (roots, developing leaves, reproductive structures, stems, meristems)

47
Q

how does sugar move through phloem

A

through sieve tubes/ sieve cells

48
Q

sieve cells/tubes characteristics

A
  • alive
    -cell membrane
    -only 1 cell wall
    -elongated
    -modified cytoplasm (only organelles are mitochondria and some ER)
    *allow transport through the middle
49
Q

how do sieve cells function with no nucleus

A

companion cells nearby support them.

50
Q

why are sugars easily transported

A
  • impacts solute potentials
    -water soluble
    -very stable / easy to transport

bio 152 (7 decks)

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