ecology 1 (climate patterns, biomes, abiotic factors) Flashcards
organismal ecology
how organisms structure, physiology, and behavior meet environmental challanges.
population
group of individuals of the same species living in an area
community
group of populations of different species in an area
ecosystem
organisms and the abiotic/biotic factors they interact with; energy flow and chemical cycling with various biotic and abiotic factors of ecosystem
landscape
a mosaic of connected ecosystems; factors generate patterns of ecosystems in a geographic region
biosphere
global ecosystem; sum of all of the plants ecosystems
ecology
the study of interactions of organisms with one another and with their environment.
natural history
he observational study of organisms and their environment, focusing on describing and understanding living things in their natural state through direct observation rather than controlled experiments
conservation biology
the study of how to protect the Earth’s biodiversity and ecosystems from the effects of human activity and extinction
environment
the sum of all external factors, including both living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components, that influence an organism or a population
dispersal
behavior
habitat selection
biolotc factors
living factors in an enviorment
abiotic factors
non living factors in an environment
climate
the long-term average weather conditions of a particular region
weather
the short-term state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place
biome
large geographical region characterized by distinct climate, vegetation, and animal life
rain shadow
obstacle/ mountain range forces prevailing winds upward -> air cools as it fills low pressure area -> produces rain
result: as air drops to other side of mountain it is warm -> dry environment
windward
side of the mountain facing the prevailing wind
leeward
side of the mountain that is sheltered from the prevailing wind
aspect
the compass direction that a slope of the moutain facest
climograph
a graphic representation of the relation of two climatic elements
wind
air moving from high pressure -> low pressure
hadley cell
a global atmospheric circulation system that moves air in a convection cell pattern; warm air rises and cool air falls
low and high pressure locations on earth
low pressure: equator
high pressure: 30 degrees N and S of equator
*air moves towards the equator (high->low)
Coriolis effect
causes surface winds moving towards the equator to curve
northern hemisphere: curve right
southern hemisphere: curve left
how do equatorial winds travel
east to west
ocean circulation
equatorial winds blow warm surface water away from west coast of continents -> replaces by cold nutrient rich deep sea water
Primary Production
amount of biomass of photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms per unit volume/area
why is it dryer in the west 30 degree band than in the east (north america)
warm air from golf rises -> rain over eastern north america
min and max angle of sunlight in Madison
Min: 24 degrees
Max: 70 degrees
*due to latitude
why is the sunlight more intense on the equator
direct sunlight from sun (90 degree angle)
earths axis as it moves around the sun
the tilt stays unchanged; each hemisphere tilted towards sun for respective summer periods
precipitation and pressure: tropics
low pressure and abundance precipitations in all seasons
precipitation and pressure: between tropics and temperate
temperate
winter wet summer dry
high pressure dry at all seasons (30)
summer wet winter dry
tropics
precipitation and pressure: temperate zone
low pressure and ample precipitation in all seasons (~60 degrees)
precipitation and pressure: polar zone
high pressure and low precipitation in all seasons