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Biology > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Thallophytes

A

Simplest form of a plant with no specialized vascular system
Aquatic environments

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2
Q

Bryophytes

A

Aquatic and lan habitats
Dominant gametophyte stage (haploid)

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3
Q

Bryophytes examples

A

Mosses, liverworts, hornworts

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4
Q

Tracheophytes

A

Grow vertically and tall
Dominant sporophyte (diplod)

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5
Q

Tracheophyte examples

A

Ferns, Pine trees

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6
Q

Angiosperms

A

Undergo double fertilization
diverse land based plant
non flagellated male gametes
produce flowers and have pollen
bear seeds in fruits

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7
Q

Monocots

A

One cotyledon
parallel veins
scattered vascular bundles
fibrrous root system
flower parts in multiples of 3

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8
Q

Monocots examples

A

Lilies and kentucky bluegrass

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9
Q

Dicots

A

Two cotyledons
Net like veins
ringed vascular bundles
large sinle tap roots
flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

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10
Q

Dicot examples

A

Oak trees

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11
Q

Angiosperm lifecycle

A
  1. Meiosis in ovary: megasporocyte, the megaspore mother cells (2n) are converted into four megaspores (n) via meiosis
  2. Mitotic divisions: one megaspore survives and undergoes mitosis once fertilized to produce the egg cell and polar nuclei
  3. Meiosis w/in anther: microsporocytes to four microspores via meiosis
  4. Mitoti divisions male: microspore undergoes mitosis producing male gametophyte or the pollen grain. Male gametophyte contains generative cell and tube cell
  5. Pollen tube: upon reaching ovule, two sperm are discharged
  6. Double fertilization: Only male gamete fuses with the female egg gamete to form an embryo and another male gamete fuses with polar nuclei to form endosperm
  7. Zygote develops into embryo
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12
Q

Plant tissue

Dermal tissue

A

Epidermal cells covering outside of plant parts, secrete waxy protectice substane in aerial portions of plant
Contain guard cells to help control gas exchange

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13
Q

Ground tissue

A

Responsible for most of the metabolic functions

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14
Q

Xylem

A

Conducts water and minerlas throughout plant
provide mechanical support

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15
Q

Xylem cells

A

Tracheids: long and tapered, water passes laterally from one to another through pits
Vessel elements: short and wide, have little to no taper at ends, perforations allow for water to pass from one vessel to another

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16
Q

Phloem

A

Transports sugar throughout plant
made of cells: sieve tube members

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17
Q

angiosperm seed structure

Seed coat

A

tough outer covering of seed that protects embryo/seed content

18
Q

Storage material

A

Endosperm: primary storage tissue
Cotyledons: trasnfers nutrients from endosperm to embryo

19
Q

Embryo

A

Diploid
developed from fertilized egg

20
Q

Tropism type

Phototropism

A

Bending of a plant in response to light

21
Q

gravitropism

A

bending of a plant in response to gravity

22
Q

thigmotropism

A

growth response to mechanical stimuli

23
Q

plant hormones

Auxin

A

influences plants response to light + gravity yo stimulate growth

24
Q

Gibberellins

A

Promote flower + stem elongation

25
Q

Cytokinins

A

stimulate cytokinesis

26
Q

abscisic acid

A

inhibits growth and promotes seed dormancy

27
Q

ethylene gas

A

promotes fruit ripening, flower production, leaf abscission

28
Q

Leaf structure

Leaf structure

A

Epidermis, Palisade mesophyll, vascular bundles, guard cells, spongy mesophyll, stomata

29
Q

Epidermis

A

Protective layer covered w/ cuticle to reduce transpiration

30
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

has cells w/ chloroplasts and is the primary site for leaf photosynthesis

31
Q

Vascular bundles

A

consist of xylem and phloem; surrounded by bundle sheath cell

32
Q

guard cells

A

specialized epidermal cells to control opening of stomata and permit gas exchange

33
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

Intracellular spaces allow for gas travel

34
Q

Stomata

A

pore in epidermis that allows for gas exchange between plant and external environment
Open CO2 can enter the leaf where photosynthesis can make sugar
Closed water loss is minimized but CO2 cannot enter the cells of the plant which prevent calvin cycle from taking place

35
Q

Growth type

Growth type

A

primary, secondary, photoperiodism, short day plants, long day plants

36
Q

Primary

A

Increases length of plant

37
Q

Secondary

A

Increases girth of plant

38
Q

Photoperiodism

A

Plant’s response to changes in length day and night

39
Q

Short day plants

A

Flower when sunlight is less that half the day

40
Q

Long day plants

A

Flower when sunlight is more than half the day

Biology (11 decks)

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