Chordata Flashcards
Chordata
reptiles, amphibians, birds, fish, mammals
Chordata characteristics
Triploblastic
coelomate
deuterostome
bilateral symmetry
complete one way digestion
closed circ system
reproduction: sexal
4 key features
Notochord: flexible rob that provides structural support, becomes vertebral column in vertebrates
Dorsal hollow nerve cord: develops into CNS, becomes brain and spinal cord
Pharyngeal slite: openings on back of mouth that develop into gills
Post anal tail: extension of posterioe end of body, swimming in fish, absent in humans but present during embryonic development
Invertebrates
Urochordata (tunicates)
cephalochordata (lanceletes)
vertebrates
fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammalia
Invertebrates- Urochordata
tunic surrounding body
adults only have pharyngeal slits
don’t have notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post anal tail
motile larval stage
Reproduction: sexual- hermaphrodites, asexual- budding
Invertebrates- cephalochordata
Lancelets also called amphioxi
all 4 keys: notochors, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post anal tails
pharyngeal slits are use for filer feeding
Viviparous
offspring develop inside mother. recieve nutrients from mother
Oviparous
Egg laying. young hatch from eggs outside the mother’s body.
yolk sac in the egg provides nutrients
Ovoviviparous
Young hatch from eggs inside the mothers body.
birth young
yoolk sac in th egg provides the nutrients
Two heart chambers
fish
three heart chambers
reptiles and amphibians
four heart chambers
mammals and birds
ventricles
pump blood out of heart
atria
recieve blood into heart
Vertebrates- fish groups
jawless (agnatha)
cartilaginous (chondrichthyes)
bony (osteichthyes)
Characteristics of fish
Gills: modified pharyngeal slits used for respiration
lateral line: row of sense organs that detect movement, pressure, and vibration
two chambered heart: single atrium and ventricle
swim bladder: not in all fish, filled with air to control buoyancy
excrete ammonia as nitrogen byproduct
Jawless fish (agnatha)
Lamprety and hagfish
no jaw or scales
no bones (only cartilage)
no swim bladder
oviparous
hagfish secrete slime for defense
lamprey parasitic and use rows of teeth to latch on and suck blood
Cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyes)
shark and stint rays
jaw and wide array of teeth
cartilaginous skelton
no swim bladder
ampullae or lorenzini: sensory organ that detects the electrical field of living things (navigation)
cloaca: single opening for excretion, digestion, reproduction
Oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous
bony fish (osteichthyes)
tuna, salmon, trout
skeleton made of bone
operculum: bony cover to protect gills
no cloaca
oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous
hermaphrodites
Ray finned fish and lobe finned fish
subclass of bony fish
Amphibians
frogs, toads, salamanders
tetrapods (4 limbs), ectotherms
cutaneous repsiration
gills (radpoles), lungs (adulthood)
3 chambered heart
auricular operculum: bone in the ear that transmits sounds
nitrogenous waste: urea
oviparoud, ovoviviparoud; eggs need to be laid in water
Amniotes
Birds, reptiles, mammals
waterproof skin
chorion, amnion, allantois found only in amniotic eggs
Amnioitc egg
shell: protection, pores for gas exchange
albumen: water and protein supply
yolk sac: nutrients food supply
chorion: facilitates gas exchange
allantois: waste storage
amnion: membrane surrounding embryo, filled with amniotic fulid to protect embryo
Reptiles
turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles
tetrapods. ectotherms
amniotes
oviparous, viviparous, ovoviviparous
lungs
3 chambered heart; exception crocodiles and alligators have 4 chambered heart
nitrogenous waste: uric acid
Birds
tetrapods
amniotes, endotherms
4 chambered heart
pneumatic bones: air spaces that make them light
advanced respiratory system; air sacs
oviparous
cloaca
nitrogenous waste: uric acid
Mammals
tetrapods
amniotes
endotherms
hair 9fur)
specialized integument with specialized glands
3 middle ear bones (pharyngeal slits)
sexual reproduction (viviparous, oviparous)
nitrogenous waste: urea
Mammals- monotremes
platypus, anteaters
oviparous
lay eggs indtead of giving birth to young
have cloaca
no teeth
Mammals- marsuipals
Kangaroo, Koala, tasmanian devil
viviparous
young are carried in pouch after birth
young born premature, recieve milk and continue to develop
Mammals- placental
elephants, rabbits, humans, whales
viviparous
fetus is carried in uterus
placenta: facilitates exchange of waste and nutrients between mother and fetus
