Cell division

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Nuclear division that created a pair of diploid cells that are identical to the original cell

Question 2

Prophase

Answer 2

Chromatin consdense into chromosoms
Nucleolous disappears
Mitotic spindle begins to form
Centrosome moves towards opposite ends

Question 3

Prometaphase

Answer 3

Nucleolus dissasembles
Chromatid is attached to kinetochore
Spindle fibers begin to attach to kinetchoes of chromosomes

Question 4

Metaphase

Answer 4

Chromosomes line up across center of cell
Karotyping displayed

Question 5

Anaphase

Answer 5

Sister chromatids pulled apart
Chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of cell

Question 6

Telophase

Answer 6

Nucleoli redevelop
Chromosomes decondense back into chromatin
cytokinesis occus

Question 7

Cytokinesis

Answer 7

Divison of the cytoplasm to form two cells

Question 8

During cell division of mitosis what do animal cells from during cytokinesis?

Answer 8

cleavage furrow

Question 9

During cell divison of mitosis what do plant cells form during cytokinesis?

Answer 9

cell plate

Question 10

Result of mitosis

Answer 10

Two identical diploid daughter cells

Question 11

Meiosis I

Answer 11

Nuclear divison that produces four haploid gametes

Question 12

Where does meiosis I occur

Answer 12

germ cells

Question 13

Two stages of meiosis

Answer 13

Meiosis I
Meiosis II

Question 14

Meiosis I

Answer 14

Genetic recombination occurs and the cell seperates homologous chromosomes

Question 15

Meiosis II

Answer 15

Sister chromatids seperate to form final gametes

Question 16

Prophase 1

Answer 16

Same as prophase from mitosis

Question 17

Synapsis

Answer 17

homologous chromosomes pairing up and aligning

Question 18

Crossing over

Answer 18

Exchange of chromosomes segments between paired up chromosomes

Question 19

What is the name for paired up chromosomes

Answer 19

tetrads

Question 20

What must be formed for genetic recombination to occur

Answer 20

tetrads

Question 21

Chiasmata

Answer 21

physical points where paired chromosomes swap segments

Question 22

Metaphase 1

Answer 22

homologous pairs are lined up across the metaphase plate

Question 23

Anaphase I

Answer 23

Meiotic spindle shortens
Homologous pairs uncouple and are pulled to opposite poles

Question 24

Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis

Answer 24

Nuclear envelope re-develops
Chromosomes decondense
Each daughter cell has a new nucleus that has half the number of chromosomes

Question 25

Metaphase II

Answer 25

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate Meiotic spindle formed and attached to every chromosomes via kinetochores Half the # of chromosomes are present **Sister chromatids are no longer identical due to crossing over in Prophase I

Question 26

Prophase II

Answer 26

Nucleus and nucleolus disappear Chromosomes condense Meiotic spindle develops and attaches to chromosomes

Question 27

Anaphase II

Answer 27

Microtubules shorten Sister chromatids are pulled across to opposite ends ** Each sister chromatid is now individual chromosomes

Question 28

Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Answer 28

Nucleolus reforms Chromosomes decondense back into chromatin Cytokinesis splits cell into daughter cells

Question 29

Final result of meiosis

Answer 29

Four haploid daughter cells, each with half the amount of DNA as the parent cell

Question 30

Which events does genetic diversity occur

Answer 30

Crossing over, Independent assortment, random joining of gametes

Question 31

Independent assortment

Answer 31

Which chromosomes gets separated to which end of the cell is random

Question 32

Random joining of gametes

Answer 32

Different sperm fertilize different eggs

Question 33

Interphase

Answer 33

Cell is growing and preparing for cell division but not actively dividing **cells spend most of cell cycle here**

Question 34

Phases of Interphase

Answer 34

G1, S, G2, G0, Mitotic

Question 35

G1 (gap phase 1)

Answer 35

cell grows in size and protein synthesis begins (preparation for cell division)

Question 36

S (synthesis phase)

Answer 36

DNA and centrosomes are replicated. Sister chromatids are formed

Question 37

Which phase of interphase does DNA replication occur

Answer 37

S phase

Question 38

G2 (gap phase 2)

Answer 38

Final preparation for mitosis Cell continues to grow and organelles replicate

Question 39

G0 (resting phase)

Answer 39

Cells are active/functional but are not dividing

Question 40

Which cells are permanently in G0 phase

Answer 40

nerve and muscle cells

Question 41

Senescent

Answer 41

permanently in G0 phase

Question 42

Quiescent

Answer 42

Cell is temporarily in G0 phase

Question 43

Mitotic phase

Answer 43

Mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 44

Cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 44

Determine if a cell is prepared to go to the next stage

Question 45

End of G1 (checkpoint)

Answer 45

Checks cell growth and favorable cellular conditions

Question 46

End of G2 (checkpoint)

Answer 46

Cell evaluates the accuracy of DNA replication **If healthy goes to M phase**

Question 47

M Checkpoint

Answer 47

During metaphase cells checks if each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber

Question 48

What happens if a cell fails the checkpoints

Answer 48

Enters G0 phase of apopotosis

Question 49

p53 gene

Answer 49

tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell division