PLANTS

Question 1

Vein (Vascular bundle)

Answer 1

• Transports water and other substances
• Contains xylem and phloem

Question 2

Guard Cells

Answer 2

• Occur in pairs around stomata
• Regulate opening and closing of stomata

Question 3

Upper epidermis

Answer 3

• Top part of leaf surface
• Transparent so light can penetrate

Question 4

Lower epidermis

Answer 4

• Lower part of leaf
• Contains lots of stomata

Question 5

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 5

• Tightly packed parenchyma cells
• Rich in chloroplasts therefore most photosynthesis occurs here
• Found beneath upper epidermis

Question 6

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 6

• Irregularly shaped parenchyma cells
• Found beneath palisade cells
• Lots of air spaces between allow O2 CO2 and H2O to move around easily
  *

Question 7

Cuticle

Answer 7

• Waxy layer on upper epidermis
• Prevents water loss

Question 8

Apical meristem

Answer 8

• Undifferentiated cells at tips of roots
• Here cells will divide & allow plants to grow longer and develop specialized tissues

Question 9

Lateral meristem

Answer 9

• (cambium) – cylindrical regions in roots and stems that increases the diameter of the plant. Responsible for secondary growth

Question 10

Secondary growth

Answer 10

• growth at lateral meristems, increasing diameters of roots and stems from 2nd year of life on.

Question 11

Where is the stomata located? Why? What is their function?

Answer 11

Stomata
* Found on the underside of the leaf
* They are found on the underside of the leaf because…
1. Reduces water loss
1. Allows packing of more cells that can do photosynthesis on the upper layer
1. Reduces chances of entry of foreign organisms
* The stomata’s function is to allow gas exchange, including water vapour

Question 12

Where are the guard cells located? Why? What is their function?

Answer 12

• Guard cells occur in pairs around the stomata
• The guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata

Question 13

Evaporation

Answer 13

the process of turning from liquid into vapour

Question 14

Transpiration

Answer 14

The exhalation of water vapor through the stomata.

Question 15

Cohesion

Answer 15

The force of attraction between the water molecules in each xylem tube provides force that keeps the water column unbroke while being pulled up

Question 16

Adhesion

Answer 16

Cause the water molecules to stick to the xylem walls. Adhesion keeps the water column from breaking as it is pulled upward

Question 17

Xylem

Answer 17

xylem transports water and minerals from roots to shoots, providing structural support

Question 18

Phloem

Answer 18

transports organic nutrients in both directions

Question 19

Identify the major location of photosynthesis in leaves and why this occurs.

Answer 19

• inside the chloroplasts that sit in the mesophyll of the leaves
• a way of producing energy for the plant

Question 20

Vascular bundle arrangement of stems (monocot and dicot)

Answer 20

Dicot: x shape
Monocot: circle shape

Question 21

Vascular bundles arrangement of roots (monocot and dicot)

Answer 21

Dicot: circle
Monocot: random

Question 22

Trace the pathway of water and sugars in a plant

Answer 22

• Sucrose enters the phloem in the leaf, increasing concentration.
• Water enters the phloem because of the higher concentration.
• Water entry raises pressure in the phloem.
• Pressure difference causes solution to flow from leaf to stem and root.
• Water moves in and out of the phloem along the way.
• Sucrose is taken out of the phloem by stem and root tissues.
• Sucrose removal lowers concentration in the phloem.
• Water exits the phloem as sucrose concentration drops.
• Pressure in the phloem decreases.