DIVERSITY

Question 1

Binomial nomenclature: identify the correct format for writing scientific names

Answer 1

• The first part is the Genus (taxonomic group of closely related species) and is always CAPITALIZED.
• The second part is the species and is written in lowercase.
• When the name is hand written it is underlined separately instead of being italicized

Question 2

What are the six Kingdoms?

Answer 2

1. Archaea
2. Bacteria
3. Protista
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia

Question 3

Levels of biological classification/taxonomic groups (Dr. King Phyllip Came Over for Great Spaghetti)

Answer 3

• DOMAIN
• KINGDOM
• PHYLUM
• CLASS
• ORDER
• FAMILY
• GENUS
• SPECIES

Question 4

What is a Dichotomous key?

Answer 4

a device that can be used to easily identify an unknown organism based on physical characteristics.

Question 5

Bacteria: how do they reproduce?

Answer 5

Binary fission - asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA. (ONLY HAPPENS IN PROKARYOTES)

Question 6

Bacteria: How are they named (shape and aggregation)?

Answer 6

• Cocci (singular: coccus) - Round or Spherical
• Bacilli (singular: bacillus) - Rod shaped
• Spirilla (singular: spirillum) - Spiral shape
• Diplo – two
• Staphlo - group of many
• strepto - many in a line

Question 7

Lytic cycle

Answer 7

• host cell is invaded
• virus replicates parts and genetic info
• multiple viruses activated and released
• host cell is destroyed immediately
• Lytic cycle is when a virus enters the host cell and immediately takes action assembling copies of itself inside the host cell. Days-weeks

Question 8

Lysogenic cycle

Answer 8

• Virus invades the host cell.
• Viral DNA integrates into the host cell’s DNA.
• Integrated viral DNA is called a provirus (or prophage).
• Provirus replicates with the host cell’s DNA during cell division.
• Virus remains dormant and inactive within the host cell.
• Virus can be passed through many generations without harming the host.
• Certain stimuli (like nutrient changes) can activate the virus.
• Activation triggers the lytic cycle, causing infection and cell death.
• Exact trigger for the switch from lysogenic to lytic cycle is unknown.
• Lysogenic cycle is when the virus enters the host cell and permanently becomes part of the cell’s DNA, to later take action and reproduce or sometimes never at all. Months-years

Question 9

Vaccines: how do they work in the body?

Answer 9

Vaccines are liquid preparations of dead or weakened viral/bacterial cells that stimulate the body’s immune system to fight invaders and produce antibodies.