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GCSE Biology > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the parts of a plant cell (7)

A
  • Nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • cell wall
  • vacuole
  • chloroplast
  • mitochondria
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2
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

Sunlight
Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
Chlorophyll

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3
Q

Cell wall

A

Keeps the cell rigid

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what Exeter’s and exits the cell

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5
Q

Chloroplast

A

Absorb sunlight for photosynthesis to create energy (food)

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Where chemical reactions happen

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7
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores cell sap and helps keep the cell rigid

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Use food for energy

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the cells activities and contains genetic information

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10
Q

How is glucose stored in a plant

A

As starch

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11
Q

What do plants use glucose for (5)

A
  • Respiration
  • converted to starch for storage
  • used to make cellulose
  • proteins
  • oils
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12
Q

How do you test a leaf for starch (5)

A
  • put the leaf in boiling water
  • put the leaf in boiling ethanol
  • wash with water
  • flatten it and use drops of iodine
  • blue/black means it is present yellow/brown means it’s not
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13
Q

What does boiling a leaf in water do

A

Kills leaf and destroys cell membrane

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14
Q

What does boiling a leaf in ethanol do

A

Removes chlorophyll/ decolouration

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15
Q

What colour does a leaf in light turn when tested with iodine

A

Blue/black - it was photosynthesising so starch is present

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16
Q

What colour does a leaf in dark turn when tested with iodine

A

Orange/brown - no photosynthesis therefore no starch

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17
Q

What colour do variegated leaves turn when tested with iodine

A

Green turns blue/black, white turns orange/brown - the part that is green contains chlorophyll

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18
Q

What colour does a leaf with no carbon dioxide turn when tested with iodine

A

Orange-brown - no photosynthesis therefore no starch

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19
Q

What experiment tests what happens to leaves if they had no CO2

A

Put a plant in a jar without CO2 and create a control jar

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20
Q

What apparatus is needed for a jar to test what happens to a plant without CO2 (3)

A
  • sodium hydroxide filled container
  • glass jar
  • plant
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21
Q

What apparatus is needs for a control jar to test the affect of CO2 on plants (3)

A
  • water filled container
  • glass jar
  • plant
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22
Q

Stoma

A

Pore in the underside of a leaf. Surrounded by two guard cells that control its opening and closing. Allows gases to pass into or out of leaf.

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23
Q

Plural of stoma

A

Stomata

24
Q

What are the layers of a leaf

A
  • wax cuticle
  • upper epidermis
  • palisade mesophyll
    -spongy mesophyll
  • lower epidermis
25
Q

Wax cuticle

A

Prevents loss of water by evaporation

26
Q

Epidermis

A

Protective layer of cells that produces the wax cuticle

27
Q

Palisade mesophyll

A

Contain large numbers of chloroplast for photosynthesis. They are close to the leaf surface and tightly packed together with no space to maximise surface area and light absorption.

28
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

Have large air spaces so that carbon dioxide and oxygen can diffuse between them.

29
Q

What 2 tests show that plants are photosynthesising

A
  • starch test
  • count bubbles
30
Q

Effect of light intensity on photosynthesis

A

As it increases it increases

31
Q

Effect of CO2 concentration on photosynthesis

A

As it increases it would increase

32
Q

Effect on temperature on photosynthesis

A

As it increases it would increase until it reaches a certain point after which it decreases.

33
Q

What do plants use water for (3)

A
  • photosynthesis
  • transports dissolved minerals around the plant
  • for support to prevent plant wilting
34
Q

Root hair in root hair cell

A

Increases surface area so it can absorb more water and minerals

35
Q

Xylem

A

Water and minerals are carried from the roots to all other parts of the plant

36
Q

Translocation

A

Sucrose is carried from the photosynthetic areas to other parts of the plant

37
Q

What vessel does sucrose move through

A

Phloem

38
Q

Xylem characteristics (4)

A
  • One way only
  • transports water and minerals
  • no end walls between cells
  • thick walls stiffened with lignin
39
Q

Phloem characteristics (3)

A
  • transports water and food
  • two way flow
  • cells have end walls with perforations
40
Q

How does a fan effect transpiration

A

Fan blows moist air away so there is more space for evaporation. More water evaporating, the more transpiration.

41
Q

What device is used to measure transpiration

A

Potometer

42
Q

How do you set up a potometer (4)

A
  • fill water reservoir and beaker of water (dyed blue water)
  • close the tap
  • place plant shoot in tube
  • cover tube opening with Vaseline
43
Q

What is a symptom of potassium deficiency

A

Yellowing of leaves

44
Q

What is a symptom of phosphorus deficiency

A

Poor root growth

45
Q

What is a symptom of nitrates deficiency

A

Poor/reduced growth

46
Q

Uses of water to plants (3)

A
  • use in photosynthesis
  • transports minerals
    -provides support by filling vacuoles and keeps cells turgid
47
Q

How do root hairs uptake mineral salts

A

By active transport. They are actively respiring.

48
Q

Phloem

A

Carries sucrose from photosynthetic areas of the plant to others for use in respiration or converted into starch for storage

49
Q

What factors lead to different rates of transpiration in pants (3)

A
  • surface area of leaves/number of leaves
  • number of stomata
  • thickness of cuticle/presence of waxy layer
50
Q

Are enzymes involved in photosynthesis

A

Yes

51
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A
  • light intensity
  • temperature
  • carbon dioxide concentration
52
Q

Why are their lots of mitochondria in root hair cells

A

To produce ATP for active transport of minerals

53
Q

Why are their lots of mitochondria in root hair cells

A

To produce ATP for active transport of minerals

54
Q

What do the stoma do

A

Open and close to regulate transpiration and allow gas exchange

55
Q

Transpiration

A

The evaporation of water from the plants leaves from inside the plant

GCSE Biology (5 decks)

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