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GCSE Biology > Corrections > Flashcards

Corrections Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the effect of distance from the light in the elodea practical

A

As the light is moved closer the light intensity increases so rate of photosynthesis increases so more bubbles are produced

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2
Q

Why is a beaker of water placed in front of the elodea in the practical

A

To absorb heat so the temperature of the elodea remains constant

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3
Q

In the elodea practical how could the experiment be made more accurate

A

Collect gas instead of counting bubbles

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4
Q

What is a double circulatory system

A

When blood passes through two systems; the systemic system and the pulmonary system.

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5
Q

What is the valve in the left atrium to ventricle

A

bicuspid

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6
Q

What is the valve in the right atrium to ventricle

A

tricuspid

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7
Q

What do the semi lunar valves do

A
  • open when the heart contracts
  • close when the heart relaxes
  • prevent back flow of blood
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8
Q

Effects of exercise on the heart

A

The heart is a muscle. Exercise makes the heart more muscular.

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9
Q

Why do sports scientists measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels

A

To more accurately measure aerobic respiration

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10
Q

Effects of reduced oxygen levels on plants (4)

A
  • less aerobic respiration
  • less ATP (energy)
  • less active transport (mineral uptake)
  • nutrient deficiencies
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11
Q

Effects of phosphorus deficiency

A

Poor root growth

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12
Q

Effects of potassium deficiency

A

Yellowing of the leaves

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13
Q

Effects of nitrate deficiency

A

Poor plant growth and repair

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14
Q

Why do roots increase the rate of transpiration

A

larger surface area for water absorption

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15
Q

2 functions of the small intestine

A
  • absorb nutrients
  • digestion of food molecules
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16
Q

2 ways the small intestine is adapted to its functions

A
  • produces enzymes for digestion
  • has a large surface area (villi) for absorption of nutrients
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17
Q

are digested food molecules insoluble or soluble

A

soluble

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18
Q

is protein soluble

A

no

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19
Q

are amino acids soluble

A

yes

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20
Q

How can an unbalanced diet and lack of exercise lead to atheroma (2)

A
  • too much fat in diet
  • lack of exercise means excess fat is not used as energy
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21
Q

How can atheroma lead to heart attack

A
  • atheroma blocks the coronary arteries
  • this prevents oxygen from reaching the heart muscle
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22
Q

What are the hairs in ciliated epithelial cells called

A

cilia

23
Q

What may you find in the mucus of a smoker (3)

A
  • tar
  • dust
  • bacteria
24
Q

What enzyme breaks down urea to ammonia

A

urease

25
Q

what changes ammonia to nitrates

A

Decomposers in the soil such as bacteria

26
Q

What do plants use nitrates for

A

to make protein

27
Q

how is protein transferred to animals in the nitrate cycle

A

plants are eaten by animals. Plant protein is changed to animal protein.

28
Q

How would action of platelets in coronary arteries be a problem (2)

A

They cause clotting. This reduces blood flow to heart muscle.

29
Q

Is protease a protein

A

Yes

30
Q

Why are the walls of the ventricles thicker than the atria

A

Atria have thinner walls as they only have to pump blood to the ventricles

31
Q

Why is the pressure between the pulmonary vein and artery different

A

The pressure drops as it passes through the lungs so it is higher in the pulmonary artery and lower in the pulmonary vein

32
Q

Why is the blood pressure in the aorta and pulmonary artery different (2)

A
  • The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right atrium
  • Left ventricle produces a higher pressure as it has to pump blood a larger distance (around the body)
33
Q

Why does our blood have to return to the heart before it is sent to other organs of the body

A

Blood pressure is not high enough so it returns to the heart to be pumped at high blood pressure

34
Q

Limitation of heating food under water to test its energy content experiment

A

Not all the energy goes into the water. Some energy is lost to the environment.

35
Q

what nutrient makes up most of the carbohydrates in pasta

A

starch

36
Q

what typically happens to the size of organisms and number as the trophic levels increase

A

size of the organisms increases and their numbers decrease

37
Q

Why can skimmed milk not be used in a lipase experiment

A

it does not contain enough fat

38
Q

function of the focus adjustors

A

to bring object into focus

38
Q

name one group of industrial wastes

A

heavy metals

39
Q

What does bile do to pH

A

makes pH more alkaline in the small intestine so that there is optimum pH for lipase

40
Q

To ways to alter diet to lower BMI

A
  • reduce fat intake
  • reduce carbohydrate
41
Q

explain how oxygen production can be used as a measure of the rate of photosynthesis

A
  • photosynthesis produces oxygen
  • If the production of oxygen increases
  • the rate of photosynthesis is increasing
42
Q

why does heart rate remain high after exercise

A

More oxygen can get to cells, quicker

43
Q

explain advantage of increased number of red blood cells athletes

A
  • more haemoglobin
  • more oxygen carried by the blood
  • more aerobic respiratio
44
Q

Two possible sources of nitrate pollution in streams

A
  • fertiliser
  • sewage
45
Q

How could an experiment on leaves with sodium hydroxide in one container and nothing in the other be improved

A

empty container should include water so that the volume in each flask is equal

46
Q

why would a plant be kept in the dark before starch testing

A
  • to remove the starch
  • to show that photosynthesis took place during the experiment
47
Q

a pyramid of numbers has a small producer bar and a pyramid of biomass has a large producer bar, what does this show

A
  • the pyramid of numbers show there is a small number of producers
  • the pyramid of biomass shows there is a large mass of producers
48
Q

one way energy is lost between trophic levels

A

ejested waste

49
Q

what pass through pores in a semi permeable membrane

A

MOLECULES

50
Q

what do phagocyte nucleus’ look like

A

squiggly (bunch ob blobs joined together)

51
Q

what do lymphocytes nucleus’ look like

A

circular (more regular)

52
Q

why may a person with a high body mass not be obese

A

They may not be obese just very tall

GCSE Biology (5 decks)

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