Plants Flashcards
What can Chlamydomonas reinhardtii be used for?
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has a CO2‐concentrating
mechanism which is being actively explored for its potential
in engineering photosynthesis in plants
Order and rough dates of plants and green algae forming
Chlorophytes=1200
Charophytes=1200
Bryophytes=450
Lycophytes=400
Ferns=360
Gymnosperms=360
Angiosperms=275
These all millions
What are Bryophytes and examples?
They are “non-vascular” plants
examples include Liverworts, Mosses and Hornworts
What are Tracheophytes and examples?
They are vascular plants came after non-vascular
examples include
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
31,800 year old flowering plant found in siberian permafrost
Silene stenophylla.
What do we use from these plants (medicines);
Willow
Foxglove
Pacific yew
Coffee
*Willow (Salix) bark as a source of aspirin (acetylsalicylic
acid)
*Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) as a source of digitalis
(treatment for cardiac problems)
*Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) as a source of taxol
(treatment for cancer)
*Coffee (Coffea arabica) and tea (Camellia sinensis) as
sources of caffeine (stimulant)
What helps to control CO2 use by plants, Name the 3 types of carbon fixation
CAM, C4, C3, Kranz anatomy and stomatal control
What is pyrenoid?
A compartment in hornworts known for carbon fixation
What two types of carbon fixation are best for arid conditions?
C4 and CAM
What are the two Phylums of green algae?
Chlorophytes and Charophytes
Lycophytes
Ropey moss like non vascular plants
Gymnosperms
Seed yielding. Conifers.
Angiosperms
Flowering plants
Non vascular land plants
Bryophytes and Lycophytes
How many plants are classified as angiosperms?
235,000. 80% of plants.
What is famous for its massive seeds?
Lodoicea maldivica
Sorts, Sporangium, Prothallium, Archegonium/Antheridium are parts of what life cycle?
Ferns
Arctic lappa, burdock, is used for?
Hypertension, gout, hepatitis
What is citrus fruit being used for in Biomimetics?
Absorbant foam / head protection
What is the plant Nelumbo nucifera particularly good at?
Water Lilley. Water proofing. Very hydrophobic wax on its surface.
Describe C3 carbon fixation
Mesophyll cell only Rubisco makes 3PGA Most common form
Describe C4 carbon fixation
Mesophyll followed by bundle sheath cell Malate C4 produced in Mesophyll prior to entering bundle sheath
Describe CAM fixation
C4 Malate stored in vesicles during the night to be released throughout the day when stomata is closed to reserve water
What, in plants, is excellent evidence to convergent evolution
C4 and CAM carbon fixation has occurred many times independently across taxa
