Plants

Question 1

What can Chlamydomonas reinhardtii be used for?

Answer 1

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has a CO2‐concentrating
mechanism which is being actively explored for its potential
in engineering photosynthesis in plants

Question 2

Order and rough dates of plants and green algae forming

Answer 2

Chlorophytes=1200
Charophytes=1200
Bryophytes=450
Lycophytes=400
Ferns=360
Gymnosperms=360
Angiosperms=275
These all millions

Question 3

What are Bryophytes and examples?

Answer 3

They are “non-vascular” plants
examples include Liverworts, Mosses and Hornworts

Question 4

What are Tracheophytes and examples?

Answer 4

They are vascular plants came after non-vascular
examples include
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

Question 5

31,800 year old flowering plant found in siberian permafrost

Answer 5

Silene stenophylla.

Question 6

What do we use from these plants (medicines);
Willow
Foxglove
Pacific yew
Coffee

Answer 6

*Willow (Salix) bark as a source of aspirin (acetylsalicylic
acid)
*Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) as a source of digitalis
(treatment for cardiac problems)
*Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) as a source of taxol
(treatment for cancer)
*Coffee (Coffea arabica) and tea (Camellia sinensis) as
sources of caffeine (stimulant)

Question 7

What helps to control CO2 use by plants, Name the 3 types of carbon fixation

Answer 7

CAM, C4, C3, Kranz anatomy and stomatal control

Question 8

What is pyrenoid?

Answer 8

A compartment in hornworts known for carbon fixation

Question 9

What two types of carbon fixation are best for arid conditions?

Answer 9

C4 and CAM

Question 10

What are the two Phylums of green algae?

Answer 10

Chlorophytes and Charophytes

Question 11

Lycophytes

Answer 11

Ropey moss like non vascular plants

Question 12

Gymnosperms

Answer 12

Seed yielding. Conifers.

Question 13

Angiosperms

Answer 13

Flowering plants

Question 14

Non vascular land plants

Answer 14

Bryophytes and Lycophytes

Question 15

How many plants are classified as angiosperms?

Answer 15

235,000. 80% of plants.

Question 16

What is famous for its massive seeds?

Answer 16

Lodoicea maldivica

Question 17

Sorts, Sporangium, Prothallium, Archegonium/Antheridium are parts of what life cycle?

Answer 17

Ferns

Question 18

Arctic lappa, burdock, is used for?

Answer 18

Hypertension, gout, hepatitis

Question 19

What is citrus fruit being used for in Biomimetics?

Answer 19

Absorbant foam / head protection

Question 20

What is the plant Nelumbo nucifera particularly good at?

Answer 20

Water Lilley. Water proofing. Very hydrophobic wax on its surface.

Question 21

Describe C3 carbon fixation

Answer 21

Mesophyll cell only Rubisco makes 3PGA Most common form

Question 22

Describe C4 carbon fixation

Answer 22

Mesophyll followed by bundle sheath cell Malate C4 produced in Mesophyll prior to entering bundle sheath

Question 23

Describe CAM fixation

Answer 23

C4 Malate stored in vesicles during the night to be released throughout the day when stomata is closed to reserve water

Question 24

What, in plants, is excellent evidence to convergent evolution

Answer 24

C4 and CAM carbon fixation has occurred many times independently across taxa