Mammals Flashcards
3 Major things that indicate a mammal
*Have hair (usually) – structurally different to other ‘hair’
*Produce milk in mammary glands
*Are endothermic – generate heat through metabolism, have sophisticated temperature-regulating physiology
What are the Major Lineages of Mammals
Monotremes – Platypus and Echidna
Marsupials – Kangaroos, Koalas, Possums
Eutherian – Placentals (~90% of Mammals)
When was the mammal lineage?
Most mammal lineages evolved in the Eocene 34-56 million years ago
What do Monotremes do?
Lay eggs and newly hatched offspring move to abdomen to feed from mammary patches
What do Marsupials do?
*Produce tiny young
*Generally develop in a pouch
*Milk secreted from nipples
What are Afrotheria?
Originated in Africa
Mostly supported by genetics
What are Xenarthra?
Distribution: America (sloths armadillos)
Low metabolism (40-60%)
Low body temperature
Internal testicles
Fused pelvic bones and reinforced spines
What are the Euarchontoglires?
Glires
Lagomorpha – Rabbits, hares (~90 Species)
Rodents – mouse, shrews, moles (~2,300 sp)
Euarchonta
Scandentia – treeshrews (20 Species)
Dermoptera – Colugos (2 species)
Primates (400 species)
What are Laurasiatheria?
Eulipotyphla
Most species were previously in Insectivora (hedgehogs)
~450 spp
Chiroptera (bats)
~1400 spp
Cetartiodactyla has two orders which are;
-Artyodactyla (220 species) (even toes hoof-giraffe)
-Cetacea (90 species) (aquatic mammals)
Carnivora
~280 species
Terrestrial and Semi-Aquatic
Pholidota (pangolins)
8 species
3 genera
Perissodactyla (Odd-toed ungulates -zebras)
17 species
UK mammals how many species and name them
66 species – including Eulipotyphla, Lagomorpha, Rodents, Artiodactyla, Perrisodactyla, Chiroptera, Carnivores, Cetacea
In mammals, what 2 things does increased size correlate with?
Longer gestation Increased longevity
Echolocation has evolved 3 times…in what?
Some Bats Cetaceans Shrews
How many native UK mammals are there?
How many native UK terrestrial mammals are there?
How many native marine animals are there in the UK?
How many native bat species are in the UK?
How many introduced UK mammals are there?
How many vagrant (occasionally visiting) UK mammals are there?
How many native UK mammals are there?
66
How many native UK terrestrial mammals are there?
28
How many native marine animals are there in the UK?
2
How many native bat species are in the UK?
18
How many introduced UK mammals are there?
13
How many vagrant (occasionally visiting) UK mammals are there?
9 (4 bats, 5 seals)
What mammal class makes up 90% of mammal life?
Eutherian
Name a mammal from Afrotheria
Elephants
Which clade do sloths, anteaters and armadillos come from?
Xenartha
Name two Lagomorpha and the amount of species within this taxa
Rabbits and Hares ~90
Of the mammals, which taxa is the most species rich and how many known species are there?
Rodents ~2300
What are Scandentia?
tree shrews (20)
How many primate species are there?
400
What are Eulipotyphla?
moles, shrews and hedgehogs
What are Chiroptera?
bats
Cetartiodactyla contain two classes: Artyodoctyla (220) and Cetacea (90), they are…
Artyodoctyla - hoofed Cetacea - FULLY aquatic
Differentiate Artyodoctyla and Perrisodactyla
Artyodoctyla: hoofed feet, 5 toes Perrisodactyla: reduced hoofed feet below 5 toes in count Relate perri with periscope, think of a horses hoof
Pholidota are
Pangolins
Pinnipedia are
seals
