Macro-invertebrates Flashcards
Protostomes/deuterostomes
difference is found in the way embryo develops
Porifera (sponges) animals
Metazoans
* Simple structures
* Sessile adults and mobile larvae
* Unique flagellate cells (choanocytes)
Cnidaria
*Radial symmetry
* Sessile/mobile
* Diploblastic metazoans (only two types of tissue layers)
* Alternation of sessile polyps and mobile medusae (jellyfish)
Platyhelminthes (freshwater)
*Bilateral symmetry
* Free living/parasites
* Unsegmented, generally dorsoventrally flat
* Incomplete digestive system, generally complex (gut absent in some parasitic forms)
* Cephalized (anterior and posterior part), nervous systems
* Hermaphroditic, with complex reproductive
systems.
Nematodes
- Bilateral symmetry
- Free living/parasites
- Unsegmented, “round” body
- Hydroskeleton with external cuticle
- Complete digestive system (gut absent in some parasitic forms)
- Cephalized, nervous systems, …
- Hermaphroditic, in some cases gonochoric (or mixed)
Annelida
- Bilateral symmetry
- Terrestrial, freshwater, marine
- Segmented
- Hydroskeleton
- Complete digestive system
- Closed circulatory system
- Cephalized, nervous systems,
Mollusca e.g Cephalopoda, Gastropoda
Bivalvia
- Bilateral symmetry
- Terrestrial, freshwater,
marine - Unsegmented
- Mantle with gland secreting
calcareous shell/plates - Complete digestive system
- Open circulatory system
- Cephalized, nervous
systems, … - Muscular foot
Arthropoda
- Bilateral symmetry
- Terrestrial, freshwater, marine
- Segmented
- Ventrally attached articulated appendixes (one pair per segment)
- Rigid exoskeleton
- Complete digestive system
- Open circulatory system
- Cephalized, nervous systems, …
- Very diverse and abundant
- Mainly gonochoric, direct/indirect/mixed development
What are the 4 main arthropodal groups
Crustacea
Myriapoda
Chelicerata
Insecta/Hexapoda
crustacea (arthropod)
- Aquatic (terrestrial Isopods)
- Some segments not very obvious, two main body regions
(cephalothorax + abdomen) - Cephalic shield/carapax
- Modified limbs (swim, respiration)
Myriapoda (chilopoda, diplopoda)
many legs
terrestrial
herbivores/predators
chelicerata - arachnida
- Prosoma (with chelicera) and opistosoma (pedipalps)
- Four pairs of walking legs, no antennae
- Specialised chelicera and pedipalps (sensation, locomotion,
copulation, …) - Different hunting strategies
hexapoda
Body divided in three regions (fused segments)
* Antennae, compound eyes and ocelli
* Very diverse
* Make up majority of described species
* “Six legs” in the adult
* Direct/indirect development
What is anything ending in optera
this means wings
Echinodermata
- Starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar
- Circular symmetrical (penta-radial)
- Water vascular system for locomotion
- Spikes on skin
What are;
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Lepidoptera
Hemiptera
Ephemeroptera
Coleoptera
Diptera
Orthoptera
Odonata
Hymenoptera
Porifera=Sponges
Cnidaria=Jellyfish and anemones
Platyhelminthes=flat worms
Lepidoptera=Moths and butterflies
Hemiptera=True bugs
Ephemeroptera=mayflies
Coleoptera=Beetles
Diptera=Flies
Orthoptera=Grasshoppers
Odonata=Dragonflies
Hymenoptera=Wasps and Bees
Porifera (sponges) have a unique cell type that they use to form a current of water within themselves, what is the name of this cell?
Choanocytes
Which Phylum have specialised defensive/attacking cells, what are these cells called?
cnidarians Cnidocytes that shoot Cynocysts
Trematode Fasciola Hepatica is from which Phylum and is known for what?
Platyhelminthes - parasitic life cycle of two hosts between snails and mammals. Causes Fasciola
Cestode Tenia sp. is known for what?
A flatworm with parasitic life cycle between humans and cows
Which Phylum is useful for gene regulation and apoptosis study?
Nematodes
Which worm Phylum has closed circulatory system like us?
Annelida
Name 3 Mollusca Classes
Gastropods - slugs and snails
Cephalopoda - octopus and squid
Bivalvia - clams and muscles
Define Cephalization
Sense organs and mouth all at one head end
What characteristics define the Arthropods: Myriapoda and Chilopoda.
Myriapoda=Many legs
Chilopoda=centipedes Diplopoda: millipedes
What characteristics define the Arthropoda: Chelicerata?
Scorpions, Spiders and Opilione
Define Prosoma and which Phylum?
Its often seen within Fused head and thorax Arthropoda
Define Chelicerata and where might you see them?
Specialised mouth parts (those chunkier parts of a tarantula mouth) Arachnids
Define Pedipalps and where might you find them?
Longer appendages of a mouth region. Often next to Chelicerae in arachnids and scorpions.
Define Planktotrophic and Lecithotrophic
Planktotrophic=Larvae that feed
Lecithotrophic=Larvae that don’t feed
Sponges
Jellyfish and anemones
flat worms
Moths and butterflies
True bugs
mayflies
Beetles
Flies
Grasshoppers
Dragonflies
Wasps and Bees
Porifera=Sponges
Cnidaria=Jellyfish and anemones
Platyhelminthes=flat worms
Lepidoptera=Moths and butterflies
Hemiptera=True bugs
Ephemeroptera=mayflies
Coleoptera=Beetles
Diptera=Flies
Orthoptera=Grasshoppers
Odonata=Dragonflies
Hymenoptera=Wasps and Bees
