plantar surface

Question 1

what does the inferior peroneal retinaculum attach to? what does it form for what tendons

Answer 1

sinus tarsi and peroneal trochlea

forms superior tunnel for peroneus brevis, and inferior tunnel for peroneus longus muscle

Question 2

what is another name for flexor retinaculum? what does it form?

Answer 2

laciniate ligament

forms tarsal tunnel which house 4 compartments:
1st compartment: tibialis posterior
2nd compartment: FDL
3rd comparment: posterior tibial artery and tibial nerve
4th: FHL

Question 3

what is located in the central compartment of plantar aponeurosis

Answer 3

quadratus plantae, FDB, lumbricals, interosseous muscle

Question 4

FHB origin/insertion/ innervation

Answer 4

O: lateral head arises from cuboid near the peroneal groove, lateral cuneiform, and occasionally long and short plantar ligaments

deep fibers of medial head arise from tibialis posterior.

superficial fibers intermuscular septum between medial and central compartments

I: medial/lateral base of proximal phalanx, sesamoid and plantar pad

I: 1st proper plantar digital n

Question 5

Abductor Hallucis O/I/inn./action

Answer 5

O: medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity
I: medial side of proximal phalanx
I:TRUNK medial plantar nerve
A: abduct 1st digit

Question 6

FDB OI/A/innervation

Answer 6

O: medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity
I: each tendon runs in the tendon sheath of FDL until it reaches base of prox phalanx where it divides into two slips. Insert into MIDDLE phalanges

I: trunk of medial plantar nerve
F: flex MPJ and proximal IPJ

Question 7

Abductor digit minimi OIA/innervation

abductor os metatarsi digiti minimi attachment?

Answer 7

O: lateral, medial process and depression of cacaneal tuberosity

I: lateral side of the proximal phalanx

innervation: trunk of lateral plantar nerve
function: abduct AND FLEX 5th digit

abductor os metatarsi digiti minimi: attach to base o

Question 8

what separates the two heads of quadratus plantae? Which head is bigger?

OIA/innervation

Answer 8

long plantar ligament ; larger medial head
O: medial head: medial process of calc
lateral head of lateral process

I: insert on tendon of flexor digitorum longus

i: Trunk of lateral plantar nerve

Fucntion: accessory flexor of latearl 4 toes

Question 9

lumbricals OIA/innervation

Answer 9

O: tendon of the FDL
1st lunbrical only on the medial side of the FDL
2-4 on both sides of FDL
All course superficial to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament

I: medial surface of extensor expansion.
1st lumbrical- insert on the 2nd digit, 2nd on 3rd digit, etc. tendons fomr part of “wing”

Inn: 1st lumbrical by common planter digital n
2-4: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

function: flex MPJ and extend IPJ

Question 10

Adductor hallucis OIA/innervation

Answer 10

O: oblique head: plantar surface of the bases of 2-4 metatarsal and tendon of peroneus longus**

transverse head: plantar plates plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments, deep transverse metatarsal ligament

HIGHLY variable

I: lateral side of plantar surface of base of proximal phalnx, lateral sesamoid, and plantar pad

I: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

action: adducts 1st toe at 1st MPJ

Question 11

what is the variation for the adductor hallucis? name and attachment

Answer 11

opponens hallucis muscle, inserts into 1st metatarsal

Question 12

Flex. digiti minimi brevis

O/In/inn/function/variation

Answer 12

O: plantar surface of base of 5th met, tendon of peroneus longus, plantar aponeurosis

I: plantar surface of proximal phalanx of 5th digit in common with abductor digiti minimi of 1st layer

I: superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

A: flex and abduct 5th digit

opponens digiti minimi

Question 13

plantar interossei

OIA/inn.

Answer 13

O:
plantar: base and medial side of shaft of 3-5th metatarsal
I:medial side of the bases of proximal phalanges

Inn: deep branch serves 1-2 plantar interossei
superficial branch of lateral plantar: 3rd

funcion: adductors of 3rd 4th and 5th

Question 14

dorsal interossei: OIA/innervation

Answer 14

O: 1st from 1st and 2nd met, 2nd from 2nd and 3rd met, 4 from 3rd and 4th met, and 4th from 4th and 5th met

I: 1st dorsal interosseous to the medial side of 2nd digit, 2nd to the lateral side of the 2nd digit, 3rd to lateral side of 3rd digit
4th to lateral side of 4th digit

Inn: 1-3 are deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

superficial branch: lateral plantar nerve

function: abductors of digits

Question 15

which is the largest branch of tibial nerve? where does it start to originate

Answer 15

medial plantar nerve: origin under flexor retinaculum

Question 16

what does the lateral plantar nerve pass between? where does it split?

Answer 16

passes between FDB and QP. divides into superficial and deep branches between FDB and abductor digiti minimi.

Question 17

what does the truck of the medial and lateral plantar nerve innervate

Answer 17

medial plantar nerve: abductor hallucis, FDB

Lateral Plantar: QP, abductor digiti minimi,l abductor os metatarsi digiti minimi

Question 18

what is the tibial nerve directional relationship with the posterior tibial artery

Answer 18

posterior tibial artery is medial to the tibial nerve.

Question 19

where does the posterior tibial artery divide into its terminal branches?

Answer 19

anywhere between proximal part of medial malleolus and before entering foot, deep to abductor hallucis

Question 20

what are the branches of the posterior tibial artery

Answer 20

1. peroneal
2. medial calcaneal
3. Lateral plantar a
4. Artery of the tarsal canal
5. Medial plantar
6. Posterior medial malleolar

Question 21

which artery provides an important source of blood supply to the calcaneus

Answer 21

the lateral/medial calcaneal artery

Question 22

what branch pierces the flexor retinaculum and supplies the area of tendo calcanerus and the heel? what does it anastamose with?

Answer 22

Medial calcaneal branches, anastamose with posterior medial malleolar braches of posterior tibial and lateral calcaneal branches of its peroneal artery

Question 23

which terminal branch is smaller of the posterior tibial artery?

Answer 23

medial plantar artery

Question 24

what does the superficial plantar arch anastamose with?

Answer 24

superficial branch of lateral plantar artery

Question 25

where is the lateral branch of the ramus profundus located? what does it cross over to anastamose with?

Answer 25

between 3rd and 4th layer of muscles. it crosses over the peroneus longus–>anastamose with deep plantar arch

Question 26

what makes up the 1st proper plantar digital artery

whats makes up 10th PPDA

Answer 26

1st plantar metatarsal artery and superficial plantar tibial branch of the medial plantar artery , or just superficial plantar tibial artery takes over

10th PPDA: continuation of superficial fibular plantar artery along lateral side of 5th toe

Question 27

what does the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve follow with?

Answer 27

deep plantar arch

Question 28

what does the superficial branch of medial plantar artery course between

Answer 28

FDB and ABH

Question 29

1st plantar metatarsal artery can also be a branch from what?

Answer 29

dorsalis pedis or from superficial tibial plantar branch of medial plantar artery

Question 30

what does the superficial fibular plantar artery follow

Answer 30

superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

Question 31

what makes up the 4 plantar metatarsal veins? and what do the plantar metatarsal veins form?

Answer 31

proper plantar digital veins and dorsal digital veins

then they form deep plantar venous arch

Question 32

what originates from the deep plantar venous arch? what forms the posterior tibial veins

Answer 32

medial and lateral plantar veins

inferior to medial malleolus, medial and plateral platnar veins unite to form the posterior tibial veins

Question 33

what gives rise to the proper plantar digital arteries?

Answer 33

COMMON proper plantar arteries