anatomy limb exam 1

Question 1

in what relation does the tarsal canal lie to tarsal sinus? what direction is the tarsal canal?

Answer 1

tarsal canal lies MEDIAL to tarsal sinus

tarsal canal is directed anterolaterally

Question 2

what lies within tarsal canal

Answer 2

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

Question 3

what muscle attaches to tarsal sinus

Answer 3

extensor digitorum brevis

Question 4

what attaches to the 3rd tubercle on the lateral surface of calcaneus?

how often is this tuberosity present? how about the ligament?

Answer 4

calcaneofibular ligament

40-50% of time, ligament is constant

Question 5

what muscles/tendons attaches to the talus

Answer 5

no muscles or tendons

Question 6

what is the surface shape of the trochlea

Answer 6

pulley;convex anterior-posterior/ concave medial-lateral***

Question 7

what is the shape of the inferior surface of the body of the talus

Answer 7

large, oval concave facet

Question 8

lateral surface shape of talus? whats at the end

Answer 8

inverted triangle, lateral process

Question 9

what divides the posterior process of talus into two tubercles?

Answer 9

flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 10

what accessory bone is the lateral tubercle of the posterior process

Answer 10

os trigonum

Question 11

where does the medial and posterior borders meet on the cuboid?

Answer 11

coronoid process

Question 12

what direction does the peroneal sulcus and ridge course?

Answer 12

posterolateral to anteromedial

Question 13

what attaches to the peroneal ridge? what is the significance to this?

Answer 13

deep fibers of long plantar ligament, superficial fibers of long plantar ligament will course OVER peroneus longus tendon and form a canal for it.

Question 14

what does the peroneal ridge terminates as

Answer 14

cuboid tuberosity

Question 15

what does the cuboid tuberosity articulate with?

Answer 15

os peroneum (sesamoid bone),

Question 16

what tendon does os peroneum lie in?

Answer 16

peroneus longus

Question 17

how often is peroneal trochlea present? what lies on top and below it

Answer 17

33%, peroneal brevis superiorly; peroneal longus inferiorly

Question 18

what tendon forms a groove that separates the navicular tuberosity from the plantar surface

Answer 18

tibialis posterior

Question 19

where does the spring ligament attach on the navicular

Answer 19

a tubercle that lies medial on the plantar surface, navicular tuberosity

Question 20

what attaches to the navicular tuberosity

Answer 20

tibialis posterior spring ligament

Question 21

what three muscles insert plantar surface of medial cuneiform?

Answer 21

tibialis anterior/tibialis posterior/ peroneus longus

Question 22

Where is the sesamoid bone on the medial cuneiform located? in what tendon?

Answer 22

facet on the medial surface on the anteroinferior aspect, small bursa lies between the facet and the sesamoid bone within the tibialis anterior tendon

Question 23

describe the facets on the lateral side of the medial cuneiform

Answer 23

2 articualr facets:
small oval facet ANTERIORLY: 2nd metatarsal

posterior facet: inverted L to articulate with intermediate cuneiform

Question 24

what attaches to the plantar surface of intermediate cuneiform

Answer 24

tibalis posterior

Question 25

what muscles attaches to the plantar surface of the lateral cuneiform

Answer 25

tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis brevis

Question 26

what are the curves of the shafts of the metatarsal

Answer 26

longitudinal curve that convex dorsally and concave plantarly

Question 27

what tendons attach to the base of 1st metatarsal

Answer 27

tibalis anterior attaches to medial surface, and peroneus longus attaches to lateral surface

Question 28

what are the surfaces of the lesser metatarsals vs 1st metatarsal vs 5th metatarsal

Answer 28

lesser: dorsal, medial, lateral 1st: dorsomedial,lateral, plantar 5th: dorsal, plantar/inferior , medial

Question 29

what are the diameter comparisons of the head of 1st met

Answer 29

transverse diameter of the head is GREATER than vertical diameter

Question 30

which metatarsal bone is the longest? whats the significance of the long bone

Answer 30

2nd metatarsal, extends more proximally than other metatarsal and articulates with all 3 cuneiform

Question 31

what are the facet and articulation of the lateral surface of 2nd metatarsal

Answer 31

there are 2 facets: one dorsal and one plantar a ridge of bone divides each facet into demarcates. 2 anterior demarcate: 3rd metatarsal 2 posterior: lateral cuneiform

Question 32

where does the lisfranc ligament attach?

Answer 32

medial surface of the base of 2nd met. and lateral surface of medial cuneiform

Question 33

what is the distinct characteristic of the 3rd metatarsal?

Answer 33

the groove on the lateral surface for the interosseous intermetatarsal ligament

Question 34

what are the area of articulations and what bones does 3rd met articulate with

Answer 34

1 posterior: triangle, lateral cuneiform 1 lateral: 4th metatarsal (small oval) 2 medial: dorsal and plantar with 2nd metatarsal

Question 35

what inserts onto dorsal surface of base and shaft of 5th met

Answer 35

peroneus tertius

Question 36

what is grooved at the plantar surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal

Answer 36

abductor digiti quinti

Question 37

what tendon are the tibial and fibular sesamoid bones

Answer 37

flexor hallucis brevis

Question 38

whre is os intermetatarsum located

Answer 38

between medial cuneiform and the 1st and 2nd metatarsals

Question 39

accessory bone of lateral cuneiform

Answer 39

os uncinatum

Question 40

accessory bone associated with tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Answer 40

os vesalianum

Question 41

ossification for metatarsal and phalanges

Answer 41

9-12 weeks utero

Question 42

ossification for talus

Answer 42

6 months in utero

Question 43

ossification for cuboid

Answer 43

birth

Question 44

ossification for medical cuneiform

Answer 44

during 2 yr

Question 45

ossification for intermediate cuneiform

Answer 45

during 3 yr

Question 46

ossification for lateral cuneiform

Answer 46

during 1 yr

Question 47

ossification for navicular

Answer 47

during yr 3- last tarsal to begin ossification

Question 48

where is the epiphysis for 1st met? when does it start to appear where is the epiphysis for met 2-5? when does it start to appear?

Answer 48

base, appears during 3 | epiphysis at the head, during yr 5-8

Question 49

what forms the transverse arch?

Answer 49

4 tarsals of distal row and 5 metatarsals

Question 50

what forms the medial long arch? lateral long arch? keystone for medial longitudinal arch? lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 50

med: first 3 metatarsals, all 3 cuneiform, navicular, calcaneus and talus lat: 4th and 5th met, cuboid, and talus and calcaneus med: talus lat: cuboid

Question 51

what dorsal surface concavity is the calcaneus

Answer 51

convex side to side, concave front to back

Question 52

what attaches to the depression between the medial and lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity

Answer 52

long plantar ligament and abductor digit quinti

Question 53

what shape and concavity of the anterior surface of the calcaneus

Answer 53

saddle shaped- triangle; convex transversely; concave vertically

Question 54

what runs along the sustentaculum tali and major structures attach to it?

Answer 54

flexor hallucis longus tendon ``` attachment: Recurrent band of tibialis posterior Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring lig) tibiocalcenal (part of deltoid) medial talocalcenal ```

Question 55

how many facets are there on the. Anterior surface of the talus? what do they articulate with? how many facets on the inferior surface of talus?

Answer 55

4facets: Inferior surface: anterior calcaneal facet and middle calcaneal facet articulates with the the anterior talar facet and middle talar facet of calcaneus , and spring facet . Superior surface: oval/teardrop articulate with navicular Inferior part of the anterior

Question 56

why would there sometimes be a second small oval facet anterior and inferior to the facet for medial cuneiform on the 2nd met?

Answer 56

it is a pressure face for the 1st met and forms from contact between the bones.

Question 57

whats the diff between the head of metatarsals and the head of prox phalanx of great toe

Answer 57

metatarsal: heads are convex: oval facet prox: flat vertically: trochlea r

Question 58

what does the deep peroneal nerve innervate

Answer 58

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, extensor hallucis longus

Question 59

what innervates the extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 59

lateral termina branch of deep peroneal nerve

Question 60

where does the lateral tarsal artery arise in foot? what does it anastamose with? where does it give blood supply

Answer 60

neck of the talus ``` anastamose with: lateral plantar artery perforating branch of peroneal artery arcuate artery anterior lateral malleoluar rete ``` blood supply: extensor digitorum breivs, head and neck of talus

Question 61

what are the surfaces of the base of 1st met vs shaft of the surfaces?

Answer 61

base: inferior, medial, lateral dorsal: lateral, inferior, dorsomedial

Question 62

what compensates for an absent dorsalis pedis? what happens if the anterior tibial artery is absent?

Answer 62

plantar arteries or perforating branch of peroneal artery takes over. If the Ant tib artery is absent, dorsalis pedis usually originates from perforating branch of peroneal artery

Question 63

What does the deep plantar artery join with on plantar side of foot

Answer 63

1st plantar metatarsal artery of deep plantar arch

Question 64

what can attach to the base of the 5th met?

Answer 64

abductor os metatarsi digiti minimi; calcaneometatarsal ligament

Question 65

what is the most constant sesamoid bones of the foot?

Answer 65

fibular and tibial bones