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LL exam 1-2 > anatomy limb exam 1 > Flashcards

anatomy limb exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

in what relation does the tarsal canal lie to tarsal sinus? what direction is the tarsal canal?

A

tarsal canal lies MEDIAL to tarsal sinus

tarsal canal is directed anterolaterally

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2
Q

what lies within tarsal canal

A

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

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3
Q

what muscle attaches to tarsal sinus

A

extensor digitorum brevis

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4
Q

what attaches to the 3rd tubercle on the lateral surface of calcaneus?

how often is this tuberosity present? how about the ligament?

A

calcaneofibular ligament

40-50% of time, ligament is constant

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5
Q

what muscles/tendons attaches to the talus

A

no muscles or tendons

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6
Q

what is the surface shape of the trochlea

A

pulley;convex anterior-posterior/ concave medial-lateral***

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7
Q

what is the shape of the inferior surface of the body of the talus

A

large, oval concave facet

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8
Q

lateral surface shape of talus? whats at the end

A

inverted triangle, lateral process

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9
Q

what divides the posterior process of talus into two tubercles?

A

flexor hallucis longus tendon

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10
Q

what accessory bone is the lateral tubercle of the posterior process

A

os trigonum

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11
Q

where does the medial and posterior borders meet on the cuboid?

A

coronoid process

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12
Q

what direction does the peroneal sulcus and ridge course?

A

posterolateral to anteromedial

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13
Q

what attaches to the peroneal ridge? what is the significance to this?

A

deep fibers of long plantar ligament, superficial fibers of long plantar ligament will course OVER peroneus longus tendon and form a canal for it.

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14
Q

what does the peroneal ridge terminates as

A

cuboid tuberosity

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15
Q

what does the cuboid tuberosity articulate with?

A

os peroneum (sesamoid bone),

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16
Q

what tendon does os peroneum lie in?

A

peroneus longus

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17
Q

how often is peroneal trochlea present? what lies on top and below it

A

33%, peroneal brevis superiorly; peroneal longus inferiorly

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18
Q

what tendon forms a groove that separates the navicular tuberosity from the plantar surface

A

tibialis posterior

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19
Q

where does the spring ligament attach on the navicular

A

a tubercle that lies medial on the plantar surface, navicular tuberosity

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20
Q

what attaches to the navicular tuberosity

A

tibialis posterior spring ligament

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21
Q

what three muscles insert plantar surface of medial cuneiform?

A

tibialis anterior/tibialis posterior/ peroneus longus

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22
Q

Where is the sesamoid bone on the medial cuneiform located? in what tendon?

A

facet on the medial surface on the anteroinferior aspect, small bursa lies between the facet and the sesamoid bone within the tibialis anterior tendon

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23
Q

describe the facets on the lateral side of the medial cuneiform

A

2 articualr facets:
small oval facet ANTERIORLY: 2nd metatarsal

posterior facet: inverted L to articulate with intermediate cuneiform

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24
Q

what attaches to the plantar surface of intermediate cuneiform

A

tibalis posterior

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25
Q

what muscles attaches to the plantar surface of the lateral cuneiform

A

tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis brevis

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26
Q

what are the curves of the shafts of the metatarsal

A

longitudinal curve that convex dorsally and concave plantarly

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27
Q

what tendons attach to the base of 1st metatarsal

A

tibalis anterior attaches to medial surface, and peroneus longus attaches to lateral surface

28
Q

what are the surfaces of the lesser metatarsals vs 1st metatarsal vs 5th metatarsal

A

lesser: dorsal, medial, lateral

1st: dorsomedial,lateral, plantar
5th: dorsal, plantar/inferior , medial

29
Q

what are the diameter comparisons of the head of 1st met

A

transverse diameter of the head is GREATER than vertical diameter

30
Q

which metatarsal bone is the longest? whats the significance of the long bone

A

2nd metatarsal, extends more proximally than other metatarsal and articulates with all 3 cuneiform

31
Q

what are the facet and articulation of the lateral surface of 2nd metatarsal

A

there are 2 facets: one dorsal and one plantar

a ridge of bone divides each facet into demarcates.

2 anterior demarcate: 3rd metatarsal

2 posterior: lateral cuneiform

32
Q

where does the lisfranc ligament attach?

A

medial surface of the base of 2nd met. and lateral surface of medial cuneiform

33
Q

what is the distinct characteristic of the 3rd metatarsal?

A

the groove on the lateral surface for the interosseous intermetatarsal ligament

34
Q

what are the area of articulations and what bones does 3rd met articulate with

A

1 posterior: triangle, lateral cuneiform

1 lateral: 4th metatarsal (small oval)

2 medial: dorsal and plantar with 2nd metatarsal

35
Q

what inserts onto dorsal surface of base and shaft of 5th met

A

peroneus tertius

36
Q

what is grooved at the plantar surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal

A

abductor digiti quinti

37
Q

what tendon are the tibial and fibular sesamoid bones

A

flexor hallucis brevis

38
Q

whre is os intermetatarsum located

A

between medial cuneiform and the 1st and 2nd metatarsals

39
Q

accessory bone of lateral cuneiform

A

os uncinatum

40
Q

accessory bone associated with tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

A

os vesalianum

41
Q

ossification for metatarsal and phalanges

A

9-12 weeks utero

42
Q

ossification for talus

A

6 months in utero

43
Q

ossification for cuboid

A

birth

44
Q

ossification for medical cuneiform

A

during 2 yr

45
Q

ossification for intermediate cuneiform

A

during 3 yr

46
Q

ossification for lateral cuneiform

A

during 1 yr

47
Q

ossification for navicular

A

during yr 3- last tarsal to begin ossification

48
Q

where is the epiphysis for 1st met? when does it start to appear
where is the epiphysis for met 2-5? when does it start to appear?

A

base, appears during 3

epiphysis at the head, during yr 5-8

49
Q

what forms the transverse arch?

A

4 tarsals of distal row and 5 metatarsals

50
Q

what forms the medial long arch? lateral long arch?

keystone for medial longitudinal arch? lateral longitudinal arch?

A

med: first 3 metatarsals, all 3 cuneiform, navicular, calcaneus and talus
lat: 4th and 5th met, cuboid, and talus and calcaneus

med: talus
lat: cuboid

51
Q

what dorsal surface concavity is the calcaneus

A

convex side to side, concave front to back

52
Q

what attaches to the depression between the medial and lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity

A

long plantar ligament and abductor digit quinti

53
Q

what shape and concavity of the anterior surface of the calcaneus

A

saddle shaped- triangle;

convex transversely; concave vertically

54
Q

what runs along the sustentaculum tali and major structures attach to it?

A

flexor hallucis longus tendon

attachment: 
Recurrent band of tibialis posterior 
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring lig) 
tibiocalcenal (part of deltoid) 
medial talocalcenal
55
Q

how many facets are there on the. Anterior surface of the talus? what do they articulate with?

how many facets on the inferior surface of talus?

A

4facets:

Inferior surface: anterior calcaneal facet and middle calcaneal facet articulates with the the anterior talar facet and middle talar facet of calcaneus , and spring facet .

Superior surface: oval/teardrop articulate with navicular

Inferior part of the anterior

56
Q

why would there sometimes be a second small oval facet anterior and inferior to the facet for medial cuneiform on the 2nd met?

A

it is a pressure face for the 1st met and forms from contact between the bones.

57
Q

whats the diff between the head of metatarsals and the head of prox phalanx of great toe

A

metatarsal: heads are convex: oval facet
prox: flat vertically: trochlea r

58
Q

what does the deep peroneal nerve innervate

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius, extensor hallucis longus

59
Q

what innervates the extensor digitorum brevis

A

lateral termina branch of deep peroneal nerve

60
Q

where does the lateral tarsal artery arise in foot? what does it anastamose with?

where does it give blood supply

A

neck of the talus

anastamose with: 
lateral plantar artery 
perforating branch of peroneal artery
arcuate artery
anterior lateral malleoluar rete

blood supply: extensor digitorum breivs, head and neck of talus

61
Q

what are the surfaces of the base of 1st met vs shaft of the surfaces?

A

base: inferior, medial, lateral
dorsal: lateral, inferior, dorsomedial

62
Q

what compensates for an absent dorsalis pedis? what happens if the anterior tibial artery is absent?

A

plantar arteries or perforating branch of peroneal artery takes over. If the Ant tib artery is absent, dorsalis pedis usually originates from perforating branch of peroneal artery

63
Q

What does the deep plantar artery join with on plantar side of foot

A

1st plantar metatarsal artery of deep plantar arch

64
Q

what can attach to the base of the 5th met?

A

abductor os metatarsi digiti minimi; calcaneometatarsal ligament

65
Q

what is the most constant sesamoid bones of the foot?

A

fibular and tibial bones

LL exam 1-2 (8 decks)

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