anatomy 2

Question 1

how often is the fibulotalocalcaneal ligament:

poorly defined
replaced by deep fascia
well defined

Answer 1

poor:20%
replaced:20%
well defined: 60%

Question 2

what is the spacial relationship of the tarsal sinus and canal to the talocalcaneal joint? what is its significance

Answer 2

tarsal sinus/canal lies ANTERIOR to talocalcaneal joint. they separate the TC joint and TCN joint

Question 3

attachments for the medial talocalcaneal ligament?

Answer 3

medial tubercle of talus–> sustentaculuim tali

Question 4

what are the ligaments to the TC joint

Answer 4

medial talocalcaneal 
Lateral talocalcaneal
Anterior talocalcaneal 
Posterior talocalcaneal 
interosseous talocalcaneal

Question 5

what ligament lies between the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joint? whats the orientation?

Answer 5

subtalar joint lies posterior to interosseous talocalcaneal, talocalcaneonaviuclar joint lies anteriorly

Question 6

what ligament helps check for over-inversion? whats another name of this? what does it attach to?

Answer 6

anterior talocalcaneal ligament aka cervical ligament attaches to neck of talus.

Question 7

what does the talus articulate with in the TCN joint? what type of joint is it?

Answer 7

anterior and middle facet of calcaneus, navicular, fibrocartilaginous thickening in superior part of spring ligament

ball and socket type joint: TN
Gliding: TC

Question 8

what are the ligaments for the TCN joint?

Answer 8

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

dorsal talonavicular ligament

calcaneonavicular part of the bifurcated ligament

spring ligament

Question 9

what are the attachments for the bifurcated ligament

Answer 9

stem of ligament blends with cervical ligament at tarsal sinus

Calcaneonavicular ligament passes anteromedially to dorsal surface of navicular.

calcaneocuboid part courses anterolaterally to medial surface of cuboid

Question 10

Attachment of the plantar calcaneonavicualr ligament

Answer 10

spring ligament forms an articular surface of the TCN joint.

posteriorly, ligament attached to anterior border of sustentaculum tali.

Anteriorly, attached to plantar surface of navicular, and navicular tuberosity

Question 11

what is the function of the spring ligament? what happens if gets stretched?

Answer 11

help support head of talus by maintaining the medial longitudinal arch of foot

if it gets stretched, medial longitudinal arch flattens

Question 12

what type of joint is calcaneocuboid?

Answer 12

saddle type synovial joint.

Question 13

what are the ligaments of the calcaneocuboid joint? which ones are part of the articular capsule

Answer 13

calcaneocuboid part of the bifurcated ligament
long plantar ligament
plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar)

part of the articulating capsule:

• dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament
• lateral calcanecuboid ligament

Question 14

attachments for long plantar ligament

Answer 14

medial/lateral processes and depression between the processes

anteriorly:
deep fibers: attach to peroneal ridge of cuboid
superficial fibers: base of 2,3,4 mets

sometimes to 5th

Question 15

short plantar ligament attachemtns

Answer 15

anterior tubercle of calcaneus and posterior to peroneal ridge and coronoid process of cuboid

Question 16

what supports the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 16

lat: short and long plantar ligament
medial: spring ligament

Question 17

how many articular capsules surround the great tarsal joint

Answer 17

single articular capsule. all surfaces share the same synovial membrane and synovial fluid

Question 18

what are the bones that particdipate in the great tarsal joint? how many articulations are there?

Answer 18

all except talus and calcaneus, and metatarsal 2,3,4

12 articulations

Question 19

what are the two variations in articulations of great tarsal joint

Answer 19

3rd and 4th met is not part of great tarsal joint in some

and cuboid and navicular articulate in some, normally there is a FIBROUS (rather synovial) joint betweeen the cuboid and navicualr

Question 20

what are the anatomical intertarsal joints

Answer 20

talocalcaneal, TCN joint, Calcaneocuboid joint, great tarsal joint

Question 21

what composes the functional subtalar joint

Answer 21

talocalcaneal joint, and the TC part of the TCN joint

Question 22

what makes up the functional transverse tarsal joint? what is also known as?

Answer 22

aka midtarsal joint

calcaneocuboid and talonavicular of TCN joint

Question 23

what functional joint is Great tarsal joint a part of?

Answer 23

NONE!!!

Question 24

what is unique to deep transverse metatarsal ligament? alternate name? what does it separate?

Answer 24

deep transverse metatarsal ligament aka intercapitular ligament. unite all 5 heads of the meatarsal. union of 1st and 2nd head is unique to human

separates lumbricals that pass plantarly to ligament, and interossei which is above ligament

Question 25

what type of joint is metatarsophalangeal joint? main function?

Answer 25

ellipsoid types of synovial joint. flexion and extnsion; some abduction-adduction

Question 26

where is the capsule thin on the MP joint?

Answer 26

capsule thin on dorsal surface .

Question 27

MP joint ligaments orientation? 1st MPJ? what is another name for plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments

Answer 27

there are no dorsal metatarsophalangeal ligaments Articular capsule around the joint medial collateral and lateral collateral ligament on the sides plantar MP ligaments blends with fibrous capsule. the plantar metatarsophalangeal ligament more commonly called glenoid ligament 1st MP joint additionally contains 5 other ligaments: 2 metatarsosesamoid ligament (one to each sesamoid), 2 sesamoidphalangeal ligament, 1 intersesamoid ligaments

Question 28

what is the architecture with glenoid ligaments? what does it attach to?

Answer 28

glenoid ligaments contain fibrocartilaginous pad called plantar plate. glenoid ligaments attach loosely to . the metatarsal heads but FIRMLY to proximal phalanges. the plantar plate adhere tightly to base of prox phalanges and move with the phalanges during flexion and extension. the deep transverse metatarsal ligament blends with sides of plantar plates

Question 29

what type of joints are IP joints? what ligaments does it contain

Answer 29

ALL IP joints are HINGE joints. articular capsule medial collateral ligament lateral collateral ligament plantar interphalangeal ligament

Question 30

what do synovial joints feature?

Answer 30

hyaline cartilage covers articular surface articular capsule encloses joint synovial membrane lines capsules and covers structures within capsule EXCEPT articular surfcce, and secretes synovial fluid

Question 31

ankle joint also called what? what type of joint is it? what forms it? what ligament of the distal tibiofibular joint is not part of the ankle joint?

Answer 31

talocrural joint; hinge/ginglymus 1. talus 2. tibia 3. fibular 4. anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament 5. inferior transverse ligament interosseous tibiofibular ligament NOT part of ankle joint

Question 32

what shape is the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament vs posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament?

Answer 32

triangular shaped-ant | quadrilateral-post

Question 33

what ligament helps form the tibial plafond? what is its characteristics

Answer 33

inferior transverse ligament elastic fibers and fibrocartilage

Question 34

how is the fibrous capsule of the ankle joint formed?

Answer 34

thin anterioly and posteriorly. medially and laterally-thickened as medial and lateral collaterla ligament

Question 35

what bones does deltoid ligament attach to? what is it composed of? what tendons lie superficial to it?

Answer 35

tibia, calcaneus, navicular, and talus anterior tibiotalar ligament posterior tibiotalar ligament tibiocalcaneal ligament tibionavicualr ligament Tibialis posterior, FDL

Question 36

which deltoid ligament lies deepest? what ligament lies on top of it?

Answer 36

anterior tibiotalar ligament lies deep--tibionavicular lies superficial to it

Question 37

which ligaments attach to the medial tubercle of the posterior surface of the talus

Answer 37

posterior tibiotalar ligament, medial talocalcaneal, med band of post talocalcaneal if present

Question 38

which deltoid ligament is the strongest? what is it attached to

Answer 38

tibiocalcaneal ligament, attaches to the sustentaculum tali

Question 39

which deltoid ligament is the weakest? attachments?

Answer 39

tibionavicular ligament attaches to navicular tuberosity

Question 40

which LCL is intracapsular/extracapsular?

Answer 40

intracapsular: anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular extracapsular: calcaneofibular

Question 41

which LCL is long-cordlike? weakest or strongest? what tendons cover it?

Answer 41

calcaneofibular ligament-weakest, tendon of the peroneus brevis and longus

Question 42

which LCL is shortest? where does it attach?

Answer 42

anterior talofibular ligament, neck of talus.

Question 43

which LCL ligament is deepest and strongest? where does it attach?

Answer 43

posterior talofibular ligament, attached to lateral tubercle of posterior surface of talus

Question 44

which ligament overhangs tarsal sinus?

Answer 44

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 45

which ligament is most commonly injured for inversion type sprained ankle

Answer 45

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 46

which joint could have a variation which allows the cuboid and navicular to articulate

Answer 46

great tarsal joint

Question 47

which joints make up the lisfranc's functional joint

Answer 47

medial tarsometatarsal joint, great tarsal joint, lateral tarsometatarsal joint

Question 48

what type of joint is intermetatarsal joint? how many ligaments in each articulation

Answer 48

gliding joints; 3 ligament (dorsal, plantar, interosseous)

Question 49

what tendon helps support and strengthen spring ligament

Answer 49

tibialis posterior, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal ligament

Question 50

what is the function for functional subtarlar joint and transverse tarsal joint

Answer 50

permit eversion and inversion, supination (plantar flexion, adduction, inversion), pronation (dorsiflexion, abduction, eversion) midtarsal: augment action of subtalar joint

Question 51

what does the Lisfranc's joint depend on for its integrity?what kind of joint is lisfranc's joint

Answer 51

lisfranc's ligament gliding movement

Question 52

when the plantar aponeurosis divides into slips, what becomes superficially between each process?

Answer 52

digital nerves, vessels, and lumbrical tendons

Question 53

what does the lateral calcaneonavicular portion of bifucated ligament attach to?

Answer 53

lateral surface of navicular and dorsal surface.

Question 54

where does the medial talocalcaneal igament lie in relation with other ligaments

Answer 54

deltoid ligament lies superficial (blends in) and then with interosseous TC which lies deep

Question 55

what does the plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments blend with? what are their characteristics and how do they course?

Answer 55

weak, irregular ligament.s fibers course obliquely and longitudinally. these ligaments blend with: long plantar ligament, tendon of tibialis posterior

Question 56

how often does the 5th toe have two IP joints? how foten does the middle and distal phalanges of 5th toe fuse?

Answer 56

60%- 2 IP joints 40% middle and distal phalanges are fused

Question 57

opponens hallucis muscle is a variation of what muscle? where does it insert?

Answer 57

variation of adductor hallucis, inserts in 1st met

Question 58

what type of joint is the ankle joint? also known as what?

Answer 58

talocrural joint; hinge or ginglymus type of synovial joint

Question 59

what makes up the deltoid ligament

Answer 59

anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular ligamnet

Question 60

what makes up the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle

Answer 60

calcaneofibular, anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular

Question 61

most commonly injured ligament with inversion sprained ankle

Answer 61

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 62

what joint is also known as the subtalar joint

Answer 62

TC joint

Question 63

what ligament supports the head of the talus

Answer 63

spring ligament

Question 64

spring ligament is also known as

Answer 64

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 65

what ligaments and tendon helps support the spring ligament

Answer 65

tibionavicular and tibiocalcaneal portion of deltoid, and tibialis POSTERIOR!

Question 66

transverse tarsal joint is also known as what? composed of what joints?

Answer 66

choparts joint (midtarsal joint) CC joint, TN portion of TCN

Question 67

what is known as the functional tarsometatarsal joint

Answer 67

lisfranc's joint

Question 68

deep transverse metatarsal ligament also called what?

Answer 68

intercapitualr ligament