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hort 321 > Plant water relations 1 > Flashcards

Plant water relations 1 Flashcards

0
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

the breakdown of bigger molecules into smaller molecules

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1
Q

why is water important to metabolic processes?

A

participates directly as a reactant in key metabolic reactions such as photosynthesis

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2
Q

water provides critical hydration for ______

A

enzymes

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3
Q

enzymes are always ____

A

proteins

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4
Q

what do enzymes need hydration

A

to carry out important biochemical processes and be functional

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5
Q

what is considered an important solvent?

A

water

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6
Q

water delivers ____ to roots and other plant parts

A

soil minerals

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7
Q

______ transport is the transport of soil minerals to the roots and other plant parts

A

xylem

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8
Q

water delivers sugars from the site of ______ to the site of ______

A

synthesis to utilization

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9
Q

________ transport delivers sugars from the site of synthesis to the site of utilization

A

phloem

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10
Q

_______ contributes to the most mass of the cell

A

water

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11
Q

how does water contribute to the most mass of a cell?

A

by filling and expanding the cell’s vacuole which comprises about 90% of the cell

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12
Q

what is responsible for turgor pressure?

A

the filling of the vacuole

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13
Q

plants must maintain _____ to remain erect

A

turgor

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14
Q

water is _____ yet _____

A

polar yet neutral

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15
Q

what makes a water molecule polar?

A

the asymmetrical electron distribution

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16
Q

neighboring water molecules _____ each other

A

attract to

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17
Q

water can form ______ bonds with other _____ groups

A

hydrogen bonds with other polar

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18
Q

______ are responsible for many unique and important properties of water

A

hydrogen bonds

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19
Q

what is water of hydration?

A

a tightly bound shell of water around proteins

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20
Q

what % of total cell water does water of hydration account for?

A

~5-10%

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21
Q

bound water or vital water are other terms for

A

water of hydration

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22
Q

water of hydration is critical for ____ and _____ of protein molecules and membrane structure

A

stability and activity

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23
Q

slight reduction of _____ is enough to cause severe alterations of protein/membrane structure

A

water of hydration

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24
Q

water has a _____ latent heat of vaporization

A

high

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25
Q

what is the energy needed to convert one gram of water to one gram of water vapor at 20C?

A

590 cal

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26
Q

what is evaporative cooling?

A

the reduction in temperature resulting from the evaporation of a liquid which removes latent heat from the surface the evaporation takes place on

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27
Q

where in horticulture crop production have you seen the practical use of evaporative cooling?

A

fan-pad greenhouse cooling system and cooling off buds

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28
Q

on a fan and pad cooling system is drier or wetter air better for most efficient evaporative cooling?

A

drier

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29
Q

how is evaporative cooling used to prevent buds in a late spring frost?

A

by delaying bud break

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30
Q

non-dormant buds need to get to certain heat units in order to break and grow. what prevents these heat units from occuring?

A

evaporative cooling

31
Q

_______ is responsible for cooling of leaves during a hot summer day through transpiration

A

latent heat of fusion

32
Q

does water have a high or low specific heat?

A

HIGH

33
Q

what moderates the temperature around large bodies of water?

A

the high specific heat of water

34
Q

_____ rapidly conducts heat away from the source of application

A

water

36
Q

does water have a high or low thermal conductivity?

A

high

37
Q

define latent heat of fusion

A

heat released when one gram water is converted to 1 g of ice

38
Q

what is the latent heat of fusion for water?

A

80 cal/g of water

39
Q

water ____ the object on which freezing occurs

A

warms

40
Q

how can water be used to protect plants from freezing damages?

A

by sprinkling water at low volumes frequently

41
Q

is the viscosity of water high or low

A

low

42
Q

what keeps the viscosity of water low?

A

hydrogen bonds

43
Q

what property of water facilitates water transport in plants?

A

viscocity

44
Q

hydrogen bonding is responsible for the ____ properties of water

A

cohesive

45
Q

define cohesion

A

attraction of like molecules to each other

46
Q

define adhesion

A

the attraction of dissimilar molecules to each other

47
Q

describe cohesion and water

A

water molecules attract to each other

48
Q

describe adhesion and water

A

water molecules attract to solid phase stuctures

49
Q

what two forces are crucial for water movement up the tall tree

A

adhesion and cohesion

50
Q

high cohesive forces leads to

A

high tensile strength

51
Q

does a water column remain in tact even under high tension/pull by a negative pressure?

A

yes

52
Q

the attraction of water molecules leads to an extremely high

A

breaking point

53
Q

define cavitation

A

breakage of water column

54
Q

what is the driving force of movement into and through plants

A

water potential

55
Q

what does water potential tell us?

A

which way water will move and gives us measure of general water status in plants

56
Q

define water potential

A

the chemical potential of water

57
Q

what kind of work in plants does water potential do

A

diffuse water through soil, move water across membranes, cause turgor pressure in cells resulting in growth, and pull water up trees

58
Q

water potential is the thermodynamic way of defining ______ of water

A

free energy

59
Q

water moves from ___ free energy to ____ free energy until an equilibrium is obtained

A

high to low

60
Q

why is free energy of water lower in hypertonic solution

A
  1. because increasing solute concentration in water decreases the mole fraction of water in solution 2. mole fraction of water is directly proportional to the free energy of water
61
Q

the ______ the solute concentration of a solution the _____ the water potential

A

high; lower

62
Q

____ is the highest free energy (0)

A

pure water

63
Q

__ Mpa = ___ bar = ___ atm

A

1; 10; 10

64
Q

an increasing negative value for water potential is increasingly ____ water potential

A

lower

65
Q

water ALWAYS moves from _____ water potential to ______ potential

A

higher to lower

66
Q

define passive transport

A

movement along (down) the water potential gradient

67
Q

is water potential electrically active or passive

A

passive

68
Q

define active transport

A

movement against the water potential gradient

69
Q

water potential=

A

solute potential + pressure potential

70
Q

define osmotic pressure

A

the hydrostatic pressure as the volume of a solution increases

71
Q

osmotic potential is defined as

A

the negative of the osmotic pressure

72
Q

net water movement can be stopped or even reversed if

A

sufficient pressure is applied to equal or exceed the osmotic pressure

73
Q

why is the term potential used rather than pressure

A

because isolated solutions have no pressure they only have the potential to do so

74
Q

if any solutes are present solute potential is

A

negative

75
Q

the higher the concentration of solutes the ______ the solute potential

A

more negative

hort 321 (10 decks)

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