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hort 321 > Final Quiz > Flashcards

Final Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Woody perennials of temperate zone, undergo every year a period of “rest” (__________) which marks the end of that year’s growing period

A

endo-dormancy

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2
Q

________ will grow in any climatic zone where growing season is long enough to allow them to mature

A

annuals

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3
Q

______ continuous active growth is impossible during an annual cycle

A

perennials

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4
Q

Dormancy is an _____ mechanism

A

evolved

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5
Q

define paradormancy

A

inhibition of bud growth due to factors

outside of the bud

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6
Q

give an example of paradormancy

A

“pinching” or “heading back” relieves apical dominance & enhances branching on
horticultural plants

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7
Q

define endodormancy

A

inhibition of bud growth due to internal

factors within the bud itself

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8
Q

give an example of endodormancy

A

true dormancy or rest

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9
Q

define ecodormancy

A

inhibition of growth due to non-conducive /

adverse environmenta

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10
Q

give an example of ecodormancy

A

lack of bud growth during an unseasonably cold spring

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11
Q

Trigger for ‘dormancy-breakage’ (2 reasons)

A

exposure of buds to cold temperatures

during the fall and winter or meeting the chilling requirement

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12
Q

define chilling requirements

A

An exposure of a minimum number of chill hours (0-7 °C) required to overcome dormancy

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13
Q

what is one chill unit?

A

1 hour at 32 - 45 F

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14
Q

Chilling requirement varies among

A

species and cultivars

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15
Q

Inadequate chilling results in what?

A

Poor flower bud-break, Poor / slow leaf development, Poor crop

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16
Q

_____ peaches are suitable for FL while relatively ______ peaches for SC and GA

A

low chill; high chill

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17
Q

Fruit producers and nursery professionals (temperate zone) may desire to _______ of those buds that are no longer endo-dormant

A

delay breaking

18
Q

why would horticulutralists want to delay breaking?

A

to avoid cold damage to those buds that are already endo-dormant

19
Q

how can delay breaking be done in the field

A

misting– evaporative cooling

20
Q

do studies point to ABA inducing or deducing dormancy

A

inducing

21
Q

_____ increases in buds at the onset of dormancy in several woody species

A

ABA

22
Q

IAA/ABA balance favors ___ during mid-winter but shifts in the favor of ____ in the spring

A

ABA; IAA

23
Q

Exogenous (external) application of ____ induces buddormancy

A

ABA

24
Q

Exact role of ABA in bud-dormancy is _____

A

unclear

25
Q

How is photoperiod signal perceived by plants?

A

phytochrome

26
Q
  1. Photoperiod (short-days) signal is

perceived by ______

A

leaves

27
Q
  1. This signal alters the ratio of

______ forms

A

phytochrome

28
Q
  1. Altered phytochrome ratio serves
    as a second-messenger to block
    __________
A

GA biosynthesis

29
Q
  1. Cell division and elongation are
    _____ in the growth apices -
    growth cessation
A

blocked

30
Q

Using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) technique, it was observed that endo-dormant apple buds had less “_____” water than the eco-dormant buds

A

free

31
Q

Bound water increased in apple buds when exposed to

A

dormancy inducing treatments

32
Q

Transition from active growth to the
suspension of growth (i.e. dormancy) and
then switch from dormancy to active
growth occurs in the

A

meristems

33
Q

Therefore, researchers have focused on
stem apical meristem (SAM) to
investigate the physiological mechanism
of ______ induction and release

A

dormancy

34
Q

Dormancy is _____ due to disruption
of cell-to-cell communication in the
stem apical meristem (SAM)

A

induced

35
Q

Dormancy is ______ by
restoration of this cell-to-cell
communication leading to an active
apical mesristem

A

broken

36
Q

SAM cells are united by

A

plasmodesmata network

37
Q

define SAM

A

stem apical meristem

38
Q

Cells can and do exchange signaling

______ and ______ through the plasmodesmata

A

molecules and other metabolites

39
Q

Blockage of the plasmodesmatal connections is due to formation of a complex carbohydrate called what?

A

glucans

40
Q

Glucan production is activated as the mersitems undergo _______

A

dormancy

41
Q

Chilling enhances the production of enzymes called _______

A

glucanases

42
Q

________ digest glucans and cell-to-cell connections are restored

A

Glucanases

hort 321 (10 decks)

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