Plant Tissues (Organisation Part 3)

Question 1

Epidermal Tissues

Answer 1

Waxy cuticle (top layer of the leaf) - Reduces water loss from the leaf.
Guard cells and stomata - Guard cells open and close the stomata to control water loss and allow for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Question 2

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 2

Cells near the top surface of the leaf that are packed with chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. Both adaptations maximize photosynthesis.

Question 3

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 3

Contails air spaces in the leaf between cells.
Increased surface area for gas exchange so that carbon dioxide can diffuse into photosynthesising cells.

Question 4

Xylem (Plant Tissues)

Answer 4

Hollow tubes strenghtened by lignin adapted for the transportation of water in the transpiration stream.
Allows transport of water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and the leaves.

Question 5

Phloem (plant tissues)

Answer 5

Cell sap moves from one phloem cell to the next through pores in the end walls.
Transports dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or storage (translocation).

Question 6

Meristem tissue

Answer 6

New cells (roots and shoot tips) are made here including root hair cells.
Root hair cells have an increased surface area for the uptake of water by osmosis, and mineral ions by active transport.