Cell Structure Flashcards
Cytoplasm
Found in ALL cells
Site of chemical reactions in the cell
Gel like substance containing enzymes to catalyse the reactions
Nucleus
Found in plant and animal cells
Contains genetic material
Controls the activities of the cell and codes for proteins
Cell Membrane
Found in ALL cells
Semi permeable
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Ribosome
Found in plant and animal cells
Site of protein synthesis
mRNA is translated into an amino acid chain
Mitochondrion
Found in plant and animal cells
Site of respiration
Where energy is released for the cell to function
Powerhouse of the cell 😈
Permanent Vacuole
Found in plant cells
Contains cell sap
Keeps cell turgid, contains sugars and salts in solution
Cell wall (plant cell)
Made of cellulose
Supports and strengthens the cell
Chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll, absorbs light energy
Bacterial DNA
Found in Bacterial Cell
Not in nucleus - floats in the cytoplasm
Controls the function of the cell
Cell wall (bacterial cell)
NOT made of cellulose
Supports and strengthens the cell
Plasmid
Small rings of DNA
Contains additional genes
Magnification
magnification = size of image / real size of the object
Cell differentiation
How a cell changes and becomes specialised
Undifferentiated cells are called STEM cells
Animal cell differentiation
Early stages of development
Only for repair and replacement
Plant cell differentiation
All stages of life cycle
Stem cells are grouped together in meristems
Specialised plant cells
Root hair
Xylem
Phloem
Root hair
Absorb water and minerals from soil
Hair like projections to increase the surface area
Xylem
Carry water and minerals
TRANSPIRATION - deal cells
Cell walls toughened by lignin
Flows in one direction 🫶
Phloem
Carries glucose
TRANSLOCATION - Living cells
Have end plates with holes
Flows in both directions
Specialised animal cells
Nerve
Sperm
Muscle
Nerve
Carry electrical signals
Long branched connections and insulating sheath
Sperm
Fertilises an egg
Streamlined with a long tail for fast movement
Acrosome containing enzymes to aid with breaking down the egg cell surface
Large number of mitochondria for energy
Muscle
Contracts to allow movement
Contains a large number of mitochondria
Long boi
