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Biology Triple HIGHER > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Found in ALL cells

Site of chemical reactions in the cell

Gel like substance containing enzymes to catalyse the reactions

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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Found in plant and animal cells

Contains genetic material

Controls the activities of the cell and codes for proteins

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3
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Found in ALL cells

Semi permeable

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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4
Q

Ribosome

A

Found in plant and animal cells

Site of protein synthesis

mRNA is translated into an amino acid chain

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5
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Found in plant and animal cells

Site of respiration

Where energy is released for the cell to function

Powerhouse of the cell 😈

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6
Q

Permanent Vacuole

A

Found in plant cells

Contains cell sap

Keeps cell turgid, contains sugars and salts in solution

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7
Q

Cell wall (plant cell)

A

Made of cellulose

Supports and strengthens the cell

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8
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

Contains chlorophyll, absorbs light energy

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9
Q

Bacterial DNA

A

Found in Bacterial Cell

Not in nucleus - floats in the cytoplasm

Controls the function of the cell

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10
Q

Cell wall (bacterial cell)

A

NOT made of cellulose

Supports and strengthens the cell

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11
Q

Plasmid

A

Small rings of DNA

Contains additional genes

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12
Q

Magnification

A

magnification = size of image / real size of the object

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13
Q

Cell differentiation

A

How a cell changes and becomes specialised

Undifferentiated cells are called STEM cells

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14
Q

Animal cell differentiation

A

Early stages of development

Only for repair and replacement

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15
Q

Plant cell differentiation

A

All stages of life cycle

Stem cells are grouped together in meristems

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16
Q

Specialised plant cells

A

Root hair
Xylem
Phloem

17
Q

Root hair

A

Absorb water and minerals from soil

Hair like projections to increase the surface area

18
Q

Xylem

A

Carry water and minerals

TRANSPIRATION - deal cells

Cell walls toughened by lignin

Flows in one direction 🫶

19
Q

Phloem

A

Carries glucose

TRANSLOCATION - Living cells

Have end plates with holes

Flows in both directions

20
Q

Specialised animal cells

A

Nerve
Sperm
Muscle

21
Q

Nerve

A

Carry electrical signals

Long branched connections and insulating sheath

22
Q

Sperm

A

Fertilises an egg

Streamlined with a long tail for fast movement
Acrosome containing enzymes to aid with breaking down the egg cell surface
Large number of mitochondria for energy

23
Q

Muscle

A

Contracts to allow movement

Contains a large number of mitochondria

Long boi

Biology Triple HIGHER (7 decks)

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