Infection and Response Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathogens

A

Microorganisms that cause disease.

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2
Q

What are the four main types of pathogens?

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protists

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3
Q

How do bacteria cause disease?

A

By producing toxins that damage tissues and make us feel ill.

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4
Q

How do viruses cause disease?

A

By invading and reproducing inside cells, causing cell damage.

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5
Q

What is the role of the immune system?

A

To defend the body against pathogens.

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6
Q

What are white blood cells?

A

Cells in the blood that are involved in the immune response.

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7
Q

How do phagocytes work?

A

By engulfing and digesting pathogens.

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8
Q

How do lymphocytes work?

A

By producing antibodies and antitoxins.

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9
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A molecule on the surface of a pathogen that triggers an immune response.

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10
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Proteins produced by lymphocytes that specifically target and neutralize pathogens.

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11
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

A substance containing a dead or weakened pathogen used to stimulate the immune system.

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12
Q

How does vaccination work?

A

By stimulating the immune system to produce memory cells for future protection against the pathogen.

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13
Q

What is antibiotic resistance?

A

When bacteria evolve to become resistant to antibiotics.

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14
Q

How can antibiotic resistance be prevented?

A

By using antibiotics only when necessary and completing prescribed courses.

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15
Q

What is MRSA

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria resistant to many antibiotics.

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16
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease that can be spread from one person to another.

17
Q

What are some examples of bacterial diseases?

A

Tuberculosis and Salmonella food poisoning.

18
Q

What are some examples of viral diseases?

A

Influenza (flu) and HIV/AIDS.

19
Q

What are some examples of fungal diseases?

A

Athlete’s foot and ringworm.

20
Q

What are some examples of diseases caused by protists?

A

Malaria and dysentery.

21
Q

How is malaria transmitted?

A

Through the bite of an infected female mosquito.

22
Q

What is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens?

A

Physical and chemical barriers, such as skin, mucus, and stomach acid.

23
Q

What are antiseptics and disinfectants?

A

Chemicals used to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogens. Antiseptics are used on living tissues, disinfectants on non-living surfaces.

24
Q

What is the difference between passive and active immunity?

A

Passive immunity is provided by antibodies from an external source, while active immunity is developed by the body’s own immune system in response to an infection or vaccination.