Infection and Response Flashcards
Pathogens
Microorganisms that cause disease.
What are the four main types of pathogens?
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protists
How do bacteria cause disease?
By producing toxins that damage tissues and make us feel ill.
How do viruses cause disease?
By invading and reproducing inside cells, causing cell damage.
What is the role of the immune system?
To defend the body against pathogens.
What are white blood cells?
Cells in the blood that are involved in the immune response.
How do phagocytes work?
By engulfing and digesting pathogens.
How do lymphocytes work?
By producing antibodies and antitoxins.
What is an antigen?
A molecule on the surface of a pathogen that triggers an immune response.
What are antibodies?
Proteins produced by lymphocytes that specifically target and neutralize pathogens.
What is a vaccine?
A substance containing a dead or weakened pathogen used to stimulate the immune system.
How does vaccination work?
By stimulating the immune system to produce memory cells for future protection against the pathogen.
What is antibiotic resistance?
When bacteria evolve to become resistant to antibiotics.
How can antibiotic resistance be prevented?
By using antibiotics only when necessary and completing prescribed courses.
What is MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria resistant to many antibiotics.