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Life sciences > Plant Tissues > Flashcards

Plant Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of plant tissues

A

Meristematic tissue, dermal tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue

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2
Q

What is meristematic tissue

A

Responsible for growth in plants
Found at the tips of roots and stems
There are two types.

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3
Q

What are the two types of meristematic tissue

A

Apical and lateral meristem

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4
Q

What does apical meristem do

A

Makes roots and stems grow longer by the process of cell division also called mitosis.

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5
Q

What does lateral meristem do

A

Makes roots and stems grow in diameter.

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6
Q

What does dermal tissue do

A

The outer layer of cells of all plant organs that consist the one layer of dermal cells, called the epedermis.
Has similar function to the skin of animals.
Dermal tissue covers and protects the plant, can control gaseous exchange and helps with water absorbation in roots

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7
Q

What covers dermal tissue

A

A waxy cuticle that prevents water loss through evaporation

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8
Q

What is a stomata

A

Stomata are specialized dermal cells that form a pore in the epidermis through which gaseous exchange can occur.

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9
Q

What are trichomes

A

Small hairlike growths of epidermal tissue that may be present on the stem and leaves. Help defend plant against herbivores.

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10
Q

What is ground tissue

A

Forms most mass in a plant, ground tissue carries out different functions based on the cell type and location.

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of ground tissue

A

Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Schlerenchyma

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12
Q

What does parenchyma do

A

Photosynthesis in the leaves and storage in the roots

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13
Q

What does collenchyma do

A

Stem support in areas of active growth

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14
Q

What does Schlerenchyma do

A

Stem support in areas where growth has ceased

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of vascular tissue

A

Xylem and phloem tissue

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16
Q

What does vascular tissue do

A

Makes up the big transportation system of vascular plants

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17
Q

What does xylem do

A

A system of hollow tubes that are connected from end to end which transport water and dissolved minerals absorbed from the rootstock the rest of the plant.
Provides support and dies once a year leaving rings

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18
Q

What does phloem do

A

A system of elongated, tubular structures laid end to end and separated by thin walled structures called sieve plates.
Responsible for transporting sugars and organic molecules from one part of the plant to the other

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19
Q

What are the organ systems in a vascular plant

A

Shoot system
Root system

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20
Q

What are the different types of stems

A

Woody
Unbranched
Branched
Herbaceous

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21
Q

What are stems

A

Plant organs that form part of the shoot system.
Provides support for the plant
Transports substances around the plant

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22
Q

What are modifications of stems

A

Bulbs
Corms
Rhizomes
Tubers

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23
Q

What are bulbs

A

Disc shaped flat underground stems with thick fleshy leaves which contain food

24
Q

What are corms

A

Flattened thickened underground stems containing reserve food

25
Q

What are rhizomes

A

Modified stems growing horizontally below the surface.

26
Q

What are tubers

A

Thickened part of an underground stems Containing reserve food
Eg potato

27
Q

How can stems help with vegetative reproduction

A

Modified stems may help the plants to reproduce.
Occurs when a new plant (identical to parent plant) grows from a vegetative part of a plant

28
Q

How can stems help with vegetative reproduction

A

Modified stems may help the plants to reproduce.
Occurs when a new plant (identical to parent plant) grows from a vegetative part of a plant

29
Q

What is a node

A

Points of attachment for leaves and flowers. Interludes are regions of stem between nodes.

30
Q

How can stems be supporting organs

A

Modified stems may help the stem grow upwards.
Eg climber plants are modified to hold onto a object.

31
Q

How can stems be protective organs

A

Modified stems may protect the plant. Some stems may be modified to have thorns.

32
Q

What are leaves

A

Main sites for photosynthesis in a plant. Most leaves are green. Due to green pigment called chlorophyll.
Attached to the petiole.

33
Q

How can leaves be used as storage organs

A

Cabbage and spinach leaves are very big. They can store food which can be eaten by people.

34
Q

How can leaves be used as reproductive organs

A

When the leaves of an African violet are put in moist water they will grow roots and from. That root a new identical plant will grow

35
Q

Leaves as supporting organs

A

Tendrils may also be modified leave.
Eg sweet peas
Granidillas

36
Q

How can leaves be protective organs

A

The thorns of a stem of prickly pear or cactus are modified leaves. They protect the leaves from being eaten

37
Q

Leaves as capturing organs

A

The leaf of a sunder is covered In long hairlike structures with drops of sticky liquid on the end. When an insect lands on the leaf it sticks and cannot get away.

38
Q

Leaves as capturing organs

A

Leaf of the sunder is covered I. Long hair like things covered in a sticky liquid. When insects land on the liquid it cannot get away

39
Q

What is the male reproductive part of the plant

A

Stamen- anther and filament

40
Q

What is the female part of the flower

A

Carpel- stigma, style, ovary, ovule

41
Q

What are the adaptations of flowers for sexual reproduction

A

The function of the flower is to help the plant reproduce by sexual reproduction. To do this, it must produce male and female sex cells.

42
Q

Functions of roots

A

Anchoring the plant to the soil.
Absorbing water and minerals and transporting them upwards.
Storing the products of photosynthesis

43
Q

What are the two types of root systems

A

Tap-root systems
Fibrous-root systems

44
Q

What are taproot systems

A

They have a main root that grows vertically down from which many smaller roots arise.

45
Q

What are fibrous root systems

A

Located closer to the surface and have a dense network of roots. Can help prevent soil erosion.

46
Q

What does the mature root region do

A

Where cells are fully differentiated. Lateral roots develop from the taproot to increase the surface area for water absorbation and to anchor the plant.

47
Q

What is the root hair region

A

Where the epidermis forms specialised cells called root hairs.

48
Q

What is the region of cell elongation

A

Where the cells that are formed by meristematic tissue in the meristematic region grow in size, which then causes the root to grow in length.

49
Q

What is the meristematic tissue

A

Made up of fast dividing merestematic cells

50
Q

What is the root cap

A

Protects the newly formed cells of the meristematic region

51
Q

What are the different types of roots

A

Bulbous roots
Prop roots
Tap roots
Epiphytic roots

52
Q

What do bulbous roots do

A

Store starch

53
Q

What do prop roots do

A

Provide support to the plant above the ground

54
Q

What do tap roots do

A

Adapted for sugar and starch storage
Eg carrots, turnip, beetroots

55
Q

What do epiphytic roots do

A

Enable a plant to grow on another plant

Life sciences (4 decks)

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