Plant Tissues Flashcards
What are the four types of plant tissues
Meristematic tissue, dermal tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue
What is meristematic tissue
Responsible for growth in plants
Found at the tips of roots and stems
There are two types.
What are the two types of meristematic tissue
Apical and lateral meristem
What does apical meristem do
Makes roots and stems grow longer by the process of cell division also called mitosis.
What does lateral meristem do
Makes roots and stems grow in diameter.
What does dermal tissue do
The outer layer of cells of all plant organs that consist the one layer of dermal cells, called the epedermis.
Has similar function to the skin of animals.
Dermal tissue covers and protects the plant, can control gaseous exchange and helps with water absorbation in roots
What covers dermal tissue
A waxy cuticle that prevents water loss through evaporation
What is a stomata
Stomata are specialized dermal cells that form a pore in the epidermis through which gaseous exchange can occur.
What are trichomes
Small hairlike growths of epidermal tissue that may be present on the stem and leaves. Help defend plant against herbivores.
What is ground tissue
Forms most mass in a plant, ground tissue carries out different functions based on the cell type and location.
What are the 3 types of ground tissue
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Schlerenchyma
What does parenchyma do
Photosynthesis in the leaves and storage in the roots
What does collenchyma do
Stem support in areas of active growth
What does Schlerenchyma do
Stem support in areas where growth has ceased
What are the 2 types of vascular tissue
Xylem and phloem tissue
What does vascular tissue do
Makes up the big transportation system of vascular plants
What does xylem do
A system of hollow tubes that are connected from end to end which transport water and dissolved minerals absorbed from the rootstock the rest of the plant.
Provides support and dies once a year leaving rings
What does phloem do
A system of elongated, tubular structures laid end to end and separated by thin walled structures called sieve plates.
Responsible for transporting sugars and organic molecules from one part of the plant to the other
What are the organ systems in a vascular plant
Shoot system
Root system
What are the different types of stems
Woody
Unbranched
Branched
Herbaceous
What are stems
Plant organs that form part of the shoot system.
Provides support for the plant
Transports substances around the plant
What are modifications of stems
Bulbs
Corms
Rhizomes
Tubers
What are bulbs
Disc shaped flat underground stems with thick fleshy leaves which contain food
What are corms
Flattened thickened underground stems containing reserve food
What are rhizomes
Modified stems growing horizontally below the surface.
What are tubers
Thickened part of an underground stems Containing reserve food
Eg potato
How can stems help with vegetative reproduction
Modified stems may help the plants to reproduce.
Occurs when a new plant (identical to parent plant) grows from a vegetative part of a plant
How can stems help with vegetative reproduction
Modified stems may help the plants to reproduce.
Occurs when a new plant (identical to parent plant) grows from a vegetative part of a plant
What is a node
Points of attachment for leaves and flowers. Interludes are regions of stem between nodes.
How can stems be supporting organs
Modified stems may help the stem grow upwards.
Eg climber plants are modified to hold onto a object.
How can stems be protective organs
Modified stems may protect the plant. Some stems may be modified to have thorns.
What are leaves
Main sites for photosynthesis in a plant. Most leaves are green. Due to green pigment called chlorophyll.
Attached to the petiole.
How can leaves be used as storage organs
Cabbage and spinach leaves are very big. They can store food which can be eaten by people.
How can leaves be used as reproductive organs
When the leaves of an African violet are put in moist water they will grow roots and from. That root a new identical plant will grow
Leaves as supporting organs
Tendrils may also be modified leave.
Eg sweet peas
Granidillas
How can leaves be protective organs
The thorns of a stem of prickly pear or cactus are modified leaves. They protect the leaves from being eaten
Leaves as capturing organs
The leaf of a sunder is covered In long hairlike structures with drops of sticky liquid on the end. When an insect lands on the leaf it sticks and cannot get away.
Leaves as capturing organs
Leaf of the sunder is covered I. Long hair like things covered in a sticky liquid. When insects land on the liquid it cannot get away
What is the male reproductive part of the plant
Stamen- anther and filament
What is the female part of the flower
Carpel- stigma, style, ovary, ovule
What are the adaptations of flowers for sexual reproduction
The function of the flower is to help the plant reproduce by sexual reproduction. To do this, it must produce male and female sex cells.
Functions of roots
Anchoring the plant to the soil.
Absorbing water and minerals and transporting them upwards.
Storing the products of photosynthesis
What are the two types of root systems
Tap-root systems
Fibrous-root systems
What are taproot systems
They have a main root that grows vertically down from which many smaller roots arise.
What are fibrous root systems
Located closer to the surface and have a dense network of roots. Can help prevent soil erosion.
What does the mature root region do
Where cells are fully differentiated. Lateral roots develop from the taproot to increase the surface area for water absorbation and to anchor the plant.
What is the root hair region
Where the epidermis forms specialised cells called root hairs.
What is the region of cell elongation
Where the cells that are formed by meristematic tissue in the meristematic region grow in size, which then causes the root to grow in length.
What is the meristematic tissue
Made up of fast dividing merestematic cells
What is the root cap
Protects the newly formed cells of the meristematic region
What are the different types of roots
Bulbous roots
Prop roots
Tap roots
Epiphytic roots
What do bulbous roots do
Store starch
What do prop roots do
Provide support to the plant above the ground
What do tap roots do
Adapted for sugar and starch storage
Eg carrots, turnip, beetroots
What do epiphytic roots do
Enable a plant to grow on another plant
