Plant Systems Flashcards
In what way are Roots useful for humans
They can be used as a source of food in Plants such as sweet potatoes sugar beets and carrots, they can be used in flavoring in Plants such as licorice or ginger, and they are a good source of fiber.
In what way are leaves useful to humans
Many leaves such as spinach lettuce tea and herbs are edible, some leaves provide a source of waxes and medicines, and leaves are a major source of nutrition for livestock
In what way are flower seeds and fruits useful to humans
They are a good source of food and flavoring
In what way are stems useful to humans
They are used to create wood and paper products, cork, linen, and a variety of medicines
What are two main differences between plants and animals. How did these differences suggest the need or lack of Need for various organ systems.
Plants perform photosynthesis to make their own food and have roots to Anchor them in one place. Because of this they have no need for a musculoskeletal system or a digestive system. Instead they need root systems to obtain water and minerals, an element of the shoot system, like leaves, to collect sunlight and perform photosynthesis to create food.
Name the three types of tissues in plants and briefly describe them
Dermal tissue is tissue that forms the outer surface of plants. Vascular tissue is specialized for the transportation of water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. Ground tissue makes up all of the structures within the plants.
What is the primary function of a flower.
Sexual reproduction. A flower has both male parts that create pollen and female parts that create ovules. Spreading the pollen by wind, insect, or other means of pollination enables the to create seats and reproduce
Describe two ways in which different plants carry out sexual reproduction
Grasses are wind pollinated. They have small drop flowers and lots of pollen, which is spread by the wind. Other plants such as roses or tulips are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds and have large colorful fragrant flowers to attract these animals.
How can roots, stems, and leaves all be involved in food storage
Food can be stored in roots, like sweet potatoes, carrots or beets, and leaves like lettuce, onions, or herbs, and in stems like sugarcane
Why is it important for plant leaves to be waterproof
It is important for plant leaves to be waterproof because water is necessary for photosynthesis. A plant needs to keep water in and prevent water loss through evaporation. For this reason plants and dry climates will have thicker cuticles than those in wet climates.
Why is the movement of water and minerals in xylem always upward
Water and minerals always move upward through the xylem because water and minerals are absorbed from the ground by the roots and must move to the rest of the plant which is above the roots
In what way is plant growth fundamentally different from animal growth
Plant growth is limited to meristem areas. Once meristems have grown and cells have differentiated, no more cell divisions occur. In animal cells, cell division can take place in many tissues throughout life. Also, animals tend to grow to a maximum size. Plants on the other hand will keep growing if conditions allow.
What is vegetative propagation
The process in which a plant produces genetically identical Offspring from its roots or shoots. An example of this would be runners in strawberry plants
What is tissue culture propagation
A method of growing many identical Offspring by obtaining individual plant cells from one parent plant, growing these cells into calluses (a clump of undifferentiated cells) and then into whole plants. It is used for producing mass quantities of special high-yield varieties of crops or to produce uniform ornamental plants.
How does each region of the leaf contribute to the task of photosynthesis
Ground tissues are responsible for photosynthesis. Stomata are opening in the surface of the leaf, controlled by guard cells to allow in carbon dioxide necessary for photosynthesis. Root hairs absorb water from the soil. Vascular tissue called xylem transports it up to the leaf.
In what ways do the cuticle and guard cells perform the same function
Both in shirt that the leaf does not lose too much water
In what ways are cuticle and guard cells different
Cuticle never allows water or gases to enter or exit the leaf. Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata to allow gas exchange at proper times.
How are guard cells able to control stomata
When there is a good supply of water in the plant the guard cell will swell with water causing the stomata to open. When there is less water, water exits the cells and the cells collapse to close the stomata, which prevents water from evaporating.
Compare the similarities of plant and animal systems
Both use cellular respiration to burn glucose and produce energy. Vascular bundles are similar to veins and arteries in that they transport nutrients around the organism however plants do not have a pump. Are digestive system processes food to give us sugar. In a plant photosynthesis produces the plant’s own sugar.
What are the two main systems in a plant
Roots and shoots
What organelle do cells in the leaves have a lot of which allows photosynthesis to occur
Chloroplast
What is the formula for photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O – sunlight –> C6H12O6 + O2
What are the three types of plant tissues
Dermal tissue, vascular tissue, ground tissue
What is dermal tissue
It forms the outermost layer of plants. In roots, it’s specialized to absorb water and minerals. On Lee’s and stems, it produces a layer of wax to waterproof the surface.
What kind of dermal tissue covers the surfaces of leaves stems and roots
Epidermal tissue
What kind of dermal tissue creates bark on Woody plants such as trees
Periderm tissue
What is vascular tissue
A network of tubes that can reach throughout the plant. It is made up of xylem and phloem.
What is xylem
Carries water and dissolve minerals from Roots to the rest of the plants. Water moves only in one direction, up.
What is phloem
Carries sugars produced during photosynthesis as well as dissolve nutrients and hormones. Food materials can move up or down.
What is ground tissue
The filler between dermal tissue and vascular tissue. In leaves it produces nutrients by photosynthesis. In stems it is used for storage and support. And Roots it is used to store carbohydrates.
