Plant Systems Flashcards
How is a palisade cell specialised for its function?
It has large numbers of chloroplasts
Arranged near the top of a leaf
What is the function of a palisade cell?
Absorbing light energy for photosynthesis
How is a root hair cell specialised for its function?
It has a large surface are to volume ratio for efficient diffusion.
It contains many protein pumps for taking up mineral ions
What is the function of a root hair cell?
Absorbing water and mineral ions
Draw and label a chloroplast
Write the word equation for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen (excess water, chlorophyll, light on the arrow)
What is the function of the xylem tissue?
Xylem tissue transports water and mineral ions from the root to the leaves.
What is the function of the phloem tissue?
Phloem tissue moves dissolved substances like sucrose, amino acids and hormones around a plant by translocation (up or down)
Compare the xylem tissue with the phloem tissue
Xylem transports water and mineral ions in one direction whereas the phloem transports dissolved substances by translocation
The xylem tissue is formed from elongated dead cells with no nucleus whereas the phloem tissue is formed from living sieve tube cells cells with a cell wall but no nucleus
Xylem tissue has lignin whereas phloem does not
Xylem cells have no sieve plates/are continuous vessels whereas phloem tissue sieve tube cells is perforated by a number of pores to form a sieve plate.
State the organs in a plant
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Stems
Roots
State the organ systems in a plant
Root System (usually underground)
Shoot System (above ground)
What are the stomata?
Holes in a leaf which allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen out
What is transpiration?
Transpiration is the loss of water from the leaves of a plant through the stomata due to evaporation
How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?`
As humidity increases, transpiration decreases due to reduction in the water diffusion gradient.
How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?
As temperature increases, transpiration increases due to the increased kinetic energy of the water molecules.
