Plant Symptoms

Question 1

Anthocyanescence

Answer 1

abnormal reddish/purplish coloration on leaves or other organs
abiotic factors: saline, temp, excess light

Question 2

Bronzing

Answer 2

coppery coloration of epidermal tissues
caused by mineral imbalance

Question 3

Chlorosis

Answer 3

A developmental abnormality where chlorophyll doesn’t fully develop in tissue
caused by Fe and Mg deficiencies, high pH

Question 4

Mosaic

Answer 4

patchy variation of normal green colour

Question 5

Mottling

Answer 5

variation similar to mosaic but with small, discoloured spots.
caused by nutrient deficiencies

Question 6

Virescence

Answer 6

development of green pigment in tissues or organs in which it is normally absent

Question 7

Yellowing

Answer 7

gradual loss of green pigmentation in leaves or shoots (often used interchangeably with chlorosis)
caused by poor drainage, root trauma, soil pH, light, temp, nutrient deficiencies

Question 8

Blast

Answer 8

premature death of fully developed tissues (i.e. buds)
fungal.

Question 9

Blight

Answer 9

dieback of young/growing tissues
caused by pathogenic organisms and lesions

Question 10

Blotch

Answer 10

irregular spots on affected tissues
caused by insects, toxicity, herbicides, and bacteria

Question 11

Damping-off

Answer 11

sudden collapse of seedlings near the soil line
fungal disease due to overwatering (pythium)

Question 12

Defoliation

Answer 12

loss of foliage from a plant
abiotic/biotic factors: insects, stress, disease

Question 13

Dieback

Answer 13

death of branches or shoots beginning at their tips and spreading back toward the main stem/crown
caused by abiotic factors

Question 14

Leaf Spot

Answer 14

consistent patch of dicoloured, raised, or sunken tissue
caused by humidity and wetness

Question 15

Necrosis

Answer 15

tissue death/discoloration
biotic and abiotic factors

Question 16

Ring/Target Spot

Answer 16

spots marked by conspicuous concentric rings of differing colour
abiotic factors: drought and high salinity

Question 17

Scorch

Answer 17

sudden/rapid browning and shrivelling of leaves btwn veins and at margins
caused by excess sun, windiness

Question 18

Shot Hole

Answer 18

results from necrotic tissue in a leaf spot falling out of the leaf
fungus.

Question 19

Wilting

Answer 19

drooping of plants or plant parts due to a loss of turgor in stems/leaves
interuption of water flow in xylem
bacteria, nematodes, aphids

Question 20

Canker

Answer 20

sharply defined abnormal growth on an affected woody stem
caused by bacteria or fungi

Question 21

Curling

Answer 21

abnormal differential growth during development which prevents normal leaf expansion
caused by insects, viruses, herbicides, and nutrient deficiencies

Question 22

Enation

Answer 22

abnormal leaf outgrowth
caused by whiteflies, viruses, and bacteria

Question 23

Etiolation

Answer 23

paling and stretching of stems towards a light source
caused by lack of sunlight

Question 24

Fasciation

Answer 24

abnormal proliferation of apical meristems on one plane, causing a flattening of growth
caused by hormone imbalance, bacteria, cold, genetic

Question 25

Gall

Answer 25

abnormal swelling or outgrowth of tissue
caused by insects

Question 26

Gummosis

Answer 26

exudation of viscid sap (latex/gum) at the stem surface of trees, frequently found at a wound
caused by bacterial, mechanical damage and insect borer

Question 27

Oedema

Answer 27

appearance of numerous water blisters on stems and lower sides of leaves
caused by abiotic factors

Question 28

Rosetting

Answer 28

crowding of leaves or branches around a single point due to the axis failing to elongate
virus.

Question 29

Stunting

Answer 29

stem tissues not elongating normally
biotic and abiotic factors

Question 30

Witches’ Broom

Answer 30

abnormal development of accessory shoots or tissues around a single point, resulting in congested clusters of organs
abiotic and biotic factors