Plant Structure and their functions

Question 1

Enumerate the different root systems

Answer 1

Taproot system

Fibrous (Diffuse) root system

Adventitious roots

Question 2

A strongly developed main root which grows downwards bearing lateral roots much smaller than itself

Answer 2

Taproot system

Question 3

Root systems modified for reaching deep water in the ground

Answer 3

Taproot system

Question 4

This root system has several to many roots of the same size that develop from the end of the stem with smaller lateral roots branching off of them

Answer 4

Fibrous (Diffuse) system

Question 5

These plants are excellent for preventing erosion

Answer 5

Fibrous (Diffuse) System

Question 6

Roots that develops in unusual places

Answer 6

Adventitious roots

Question 7

Common along rhizomes of ferns, club mosses and horsetail

Answer 7

Adventitious roots

Question 8

In some plants, they are primary means of vegetative reproduction

Answer 8

Adventitious roots

Question 9

In some plants, they are primary means of vegetative reproduction

Answer 9

Adventitious roots

Question 10

A covering of cells over the root tip that protects delicate meristematic tissues directly behind it

Answer 10

Root cap

Question 11

An extension of an epidermal cell of a root that increases absorptive capacity of the root

Answer 11

Root hair

Question 12

True or False: Root caps are only present in some root tips

Answer 12

False, each root tip has a root cap

Question 13

A protective thimble-like layer

Answer 13

root cap

Question 14

What does the root cap cover

Answer 14

The delicate root apical meristem

Question 15

Short-lived unicellular extension

Answer 15

Root hair

Question 16

cellular extensions of ___________ near the growing tip

Answer 16

Epidermal cells

Question 17

Increases the surface area of root in contact with moist soil, increasing root’s absorptive capacity

Answer 17

Root hair

Question 18

Vascular tissues are found in the center of the plant

Answer 18

Dicot

Question 19

The vascular tissues are scattered

Answer 19

Monocot

Question 20

Enumerate the roots with unusual functions

Answer 20

• Prop Roots
• Buttress Roots
• Pneumatophores

Question 21

An adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant.

Answer 21

Prop root

Question 22

Holds the trees upright and aid in the extensive distribution of the shallow roots.

Answer 22

Buttress

Question 23

A specialized aerial root produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats

Answer 23

Pneumatophore

Question 24

contains thick, tough tissue, and live for more than a year

Answer 24

Woody stems

Question 25

contains soft, green, juicy tissues and live for one year.

Answer 25

Herbaceous Stems

Question 26

an underdeveloped shoot that contains an embryonic meristem

Answer 26

Bud

Question 27

bud at the end of stem

Answer 27

Terminal

Question 28

bud on the side of the stem

Answer 28

Anxillary

Question 29

the area on stem where one or more leaves is attached.

Answer 29

Node

Question 30

the area on a stembetween two successive nodes.

Answer 30

Internode

Question 31

an outer covering which provides protection in herbaceous stem

Answer 31

Epidermis

Question 32

a waxy layer that reduces water loss from the stem surface, usually covers the epidermis.

Answer 32

Cuticle

Question 33

inside the epidermis; A complex tissue that may contain parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

Answer 33

Cortex

Question 34

store starch grains and crystals.

Answer 34

Parenchyma cells

Question 35

confer strength and structural support for the stem.

Answer 35

Collenchyma & Sclerenchyma cells

Question 36

transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.

Answer 36

Xylem

Question 37

transports dissolved carbohydrates (sucrose) often from the leaves to the roots.

Answer 37

Phloem

Question 38

sandwiched between the xylem and phloem

Answer 38

Vascular cambium

Question 39

a lateral meristem that is responsible for secondary growth.

Answer 39

Vascular cambium

Question 40

a ground tissue composed of large, thin- walled parenchyma cells that function primarily for storage.

Answer 40

Pith

Question 41

Have scattered vascular bundles

Answer 41

Monocot stem

Question 42

Have ground tissue instead of distinct cortex and pith

Answer 42

Monocot stem

Question 43

Have vascular bundles arranged in a circle

Answer 43

Dicot stem

Question 44

Have a distinct cortex and pith

Answer 44

Dicot stem

Question 45

a horizontal underground stem that often serves as a storage organ and a means of **sexual reproduction**.

Answer 45

Rhizome

Question 46

Give examples of Rhizome

Answer 46

Bamboos, ginger, turmeric

Question 47

the thickened end of a rhizome that is fleshy and enlarged for a food storage.

Answer 47

Tuber

Question 48

Give examples of tuber

Answer 48

potatoes, yam

Question 49

a rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves.

Answer 49

Bulb

Question 50

Give an example of a bulb

Answer 50

Onion

Question 51

a short, thickened underground stem specialized for food storage and asexual reproduction.

Answer 51

Corm

Question 52

an aerial horizontal stem with long internodes

Answer 52

Stolons

Question 53

Examples of stolons

Answer 53

Strawberry

Question 54

Enumerate the asexual reproductions of the stem

Answer 54

- Rhizome - Tuber - Bulb - Bulb - Corm - Stolons

Question 55

It is the lateral outgrown of the stem generally flattered, expanded and green due to chlorophyll pigment.

Answer 55

Leaf

Question 56

What are the two primary functions of leaves

Answer 56

photosynthesis and transpiration.

Question 57

How are leaves classified, enumerate.

Answer 57

Blade patterns Shape Margin and base modifications Arrangement on the stem Venation pattern

Question 58

The broad, flat part of a leaf

Answer 58

Blade

Question 59

The part of a leaf the attaches the blade to the stem.

Answer 59

Petiole

Question 60

Are leaf like outgrowths usually present in pairs at the base of the petiole

Answer 60

Stipules

Question 61

What are the major tissues of the leaf?

Answer 61

Epidermis, Mesophyll, Xylem, and Phloem

Question 62

A small pore flanked by guard cells in the epidermis

Answer 62

Stoma

Question 63

A cell in the epidermis of a stem or lead; two _________ form a pore, called a stoma, for gas exchange.

Answer 63

Guard cell

Question 64

Usually narrow

Answer 64

Monocot leaves

Question 65

Parallel venation

Answer 65

Monocot

Question 66

Broad, flattened leaf blade

Answer 66

Dicot leaves

Question 67

Netted venation

Answer 67

Dicot

Question 68

What is the scientific name of privet

Answer 68

Ligustrum vulgare

Question 69

Facilitates gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots

Answer 69

Pneumatophore

Question 70

Enumerate the different leaf forms

Answer 70

Simple, Pinnately Compound, Palmately compound

Question 71

Enumerate the leaf arrangements on a stem

Answer 71

Alternate, opposite, and whorled

Question 72

Enumerate the venation patterns

Answer 72

Parallel, Pinnately netted, Palmately netted

Question 73

Covers the upper and lower surface of the leaf blade

Answer 73

Epidermis

Question 74

The photosynthetic tissue in the interior of a leaf

Answer 74

Mesophyll

Question 75

A waxy covering over the epidermis of the aerial parts (leaves and stem) of a plant

Answer 75

Cuticle