Plant Structure and their functions Flashcards
Enumerate the different root systems
Taproot system
Fibrous (Diffuse) root system
Adventitious roots
A strongly developed main root which grows downwards bearing lateral roots much smaller than itself
Taproot system
Root systems modified for reaching deep water in the ground
Taproot system
This root system has several to many roots of the same size that develop from the end of the stem with smaller lateral roots branching off of them
Fibrous (Diffuse) system
These plants are excellent for preventing erosion
Fibrous (Diffuse) System
Roots that develops in unusual places
Adventitious roots
Common along rhizomes of ferns, club mosses and horsetail
Adventitious roots
In some plants, they are primary means of vegetative reproduction
Adventitious roots
In some plants, they are primary means of vegetative reproduction
Adventitious roots
A covering of cells over the root tip that protects delicate meristematic tissues directly behind it
Root cap
An extension of an epidermal cell of a root that increases absorptive capacity of the root
Root hair
True or False: Root caps are only present in some root tips
False, each root tip has a root cap
A protective thimble-like layer
root cap
What does the root cap cover
The delicate root apical meristem
Short-lived unicellular extension
Root hair
cellular extensions of ___________ near the growing tip
Epidermal cells
Increases the surface area of root in contact with moist soil, increasing root’s absorptive capacity
Root hair
Vascular tissues are found in the center of the plant
Dicot
The vascular tissues are scattered
Monocot
Enumerate the roots with unusual functions
• Prop Roots
• Buttress Roots
• Pneumatophores
An adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant.
Prop root
Holds the trees upright and aid in the extensive distribution of the shallow roots.
Buttress
A specialized aerial root produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats
Pneumatophore
contains thick, tough tissue, and live for more than a year
Woody stems
contains soft, green, juicy tissues and live for one year.
Herbaceous Stems
an underdeveloped shoot that contains an embryonic meristem
Bud
bud at the end of stem
Terminal
bud on the side of the stem
Anxillary
the area on stem where one or more leaves is attached.
Node
the area on a stembetween two successive nodes.
Internode
an outer covering which provides protection in herbaceous stem
Epidermis
a waxy layer that reduces water loss from the stem surface, usually
covers the epidermis.
Cuticle
inside the epidermis; A complex tissue that may contain parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.
Cortex
store starch grains and crystals.
Parenchyma cells
confer strength and structural support for the stem.
Collenchyma & Sclerenchyma cells
transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.
Xylem
transports dissolved carbohydrates (sucrose) often from the leaves to the roots.
Phloem
sandwiched between the xylem and phloem
Vascular cambium
a lateral meristem that is responsible for secondary growth.
Vascular cambium
a ground tissue composed of large, thin- walled parenchyma cells that function primarily for storage.
Pith
Have scattered vascular bundles
Monocot stem
Have ground tissue instead of distinct cortex and pith
Monocot stem
Have vascular bundles arranged in a circle
Dicot stem
Have a distinct cortex and pith
Dicot stem
a horizontal underground stem that often serves as a storage organ and a means of sexual reproduction.
Rhizome
Give examples of Rhizome
Bamboos, ginger, turmeric
the thickened end of a rhizome that is fleshy and enlarged for a food storage.
Tuber
Give examples of tuber
potatoes, yam
a rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves.
Bulb
Give an example of a bulb
Onion
a short, thickened underground stem specialized for food storage and asexual reproduction.
Corm
an aerial horizontal stem with long internodes
Stolons
Examples of stolons
Strawberry
Enumerate the asexual reproductions of the stem
- Rhizome
- Tuber
- Bulb
- Bulb
- Corm
- Stolons
It is the lateral outgrown of the stem generally flattered, expanded and green due to chlorophyll pigment.
Leaf
What are the two primary functions of leaves
photosynthesis and transpiration.
How are leaves classified, enumerate.
Blade patterns
Shape
Margin and base modifications
Arrangement on the stem
Venation pattern
The broad, flat part of a leaf
Blade
The part of a leaf the attaches the blade to the stem.
Petiole
Are leaf like outgrowths usually present in pairs at the base of the petiole
Stipules
What are the major tissues of the leaf?
Epidermis, Mesophyll, Xylem, and Phloem
A small pore flanked by guard cells in the epidermis
Stoma
A cell in the epidermis of a stem or lead; two _________ form a pore, called a stoma, for gas exchange.
Guard cell
Usually narrow
Monocot leaves
Parallel venation
Monocot
Broad, flattened leaf blade
Dicot leaves
Netted venation
Dicot
What is the scientific name of privet
Ligustrum vulgare
Facilitates gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots
Pneumatophore
Enumerate the different leaf forms
Simple, Pinnately Compound, Palmately compound
Enumerate the leaf arrangements on a stem
Alternate, opposite, and whorled
Enumerate the venation patterns
Parallel, Pinnately netted, Palmately netted
Covers the upper and lower surface of the leaf blade
Epidermis
The photosynthetic tissue in the interior of a leaf
Mesophyll
A waxy covering over the epidermis of the aerial parts (leaves and stem) of a plant
Cuticle
