Plant Morphology Flashcards
Vegetative organs
includes roots below ground and the shoots composed of leaves and stems above ground
Function of vegetative organs of plants
the growth and nutrition of plants
What is the shoot composed of
Leaves and Stem
Types of root systems
taproot, fibrous or diffuse, and the adventitious
What is the root system for
Anchoring the plant and absorption of water and minerals
Major functions of roots
Storage, Conducting water and solutes, absorption of water and minerals, and anchorage of plant in soil
The entire mass of underground roots produced by plants
Root system
Taproot system
Strongly developed main root which grows downwards bearing lateral roots much smaller than itself
Root system modified for reaching deep water in the ground
Taproot system
Fibrous (Diffuse) System
Has several to many roots of the same size that develop from the end of the stem, with smaller lateral roots branching off of them.
Plants that are excellent in preventing erosion
Fibrous (Diffuse) System
Roots that develop in unusual places
Adventitious roots
Root systems common along ribosomes of ferns, club mosses, and horsetail
Adventitious roots
Stem
Ascending axis of the plant body for support and conduction
where the leaves and branches arise
node
Functions of a stem
Support elevation, transport materials between roots and shoots, nutrient storage, annual, lateral, plant growth
Types of stem
Woody stem and Herbaceous stem
Woody stems
Contains thick tissues (wood)
Found in plants that live more than a year
Woody stem
Herbaceous stems
contains soft, green, juicy tissues
Found in plants that live for one year
Herbaceous stem
Leaf
usually expanded, flat and green, function for photosynthesis and transpiration.
modified shoot that bears the gametes for sexual reproduction
flower
ripened ovary
fruit
matured ovule
seed
Composition of reproductive organs
embryo, endosperm, cotyledon, and seed coat
Plant groups
Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperm, and Angiosperm
Bryophytes
Origin of land plants from algae
Pteridophytes
origin of vascular tissues
Gymnosperm
Origin of the seeds
Angiosperm
Origin of flowers and fruits
Examples of Bryophytes
Includes liverworts, hornworts, and mosses.
Plants that lack vascular tissues but some have conducting cells
Bryophytes
Examples of Pteridophytes
Includes lycophytes, ferns, horsetail, and Whiskferns
Vascular but seedless, and the multicellular embryo is also nourished by parent cells
Pteridophytes
Examples of Gymnosperm
Ginkgoes, cycads, gneteas, and conifers
Vascular but seeds are not enclosed inside ovary
Gymnosperm
Examples of Angiosperms
Monocots and Eudicots
Vascular and seeds are within ovaries
Angiosperm
Artificial system of classification as habit or form
Tree, Shrub, Herb, and Vines
Tree
a plant with more than a height of 5 meters, usually woody main trunk
Shrub
A plant with a height of less than five meters, usually with a short main trunk or stem with numerous lateral branches
Herb
A plant with little or no woody tissues
Vines
A plant with climbing or trailing stem maybe a herbaceous or woody species
Artificial system of classification as to lifespan
Annual, Binenial, and Perennial
A plant that lives only for one year or completes the vegetative or reproductive cycles in one growing season
Annual
A plant that lives for two years or two growing seasons
Binenial
A plant that lives for several years
Perennial
Artificial system of classification as to water requirement
Mesophyte, Hydrophyte, Halophyte, and Xerophyte
A plant that requires moderate amount of water
Mesophyte
A plant that needs big amount of water
Hydrophyte
A plant that lives in watery but salty water
Halophyte
A plant that requires small amount of water
Xerophytes
Artificial system of classification as to habitat
Terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial or epiphyte
A plant that is rooted in the ground or soil
Terrestrial
A plant that lives in watery areas
Aquatic
A plant that is attached on another plant as commensal or parasite
Aerial or epiphyte
Artificial system of classification as mode of nutrition
Autotrophic (photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic (Non-Photosynthetic)
A plant that is usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll
Autotrophic
A plant that is non-chlorophyllous
Heterotrophic
Plant that get nourishment from other plant by living as a parasite
Heterotrophic
