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Pharmaceutical Botany + Taxonomy > Cell division > Flashcards

Cell division Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate why cells need to divide

A

Living things grow by producing more cells

Repair of damaged tissue

If the cell gets too big, it cannot get enough nutrients into the cell and wastes out of the cell

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2
Q

The original cell is called

A

Parent cell

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3
Q

The 2 new cells created at cell division are called

A

Daughter cells

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4
Q

Each daughter cell is _________ like the parent cell

A

Exactly, same kind and number of chromosomes

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5
Q

Phase of the cell cycle that includes G1, S, and G2

A

Interphase

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6
Q

The time between the end of the previous cell division and the beginning of the DNA replication

A

1st gap phase

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7
Q

The longest phase

A

1st gap phase

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8
Q

Involves the replication of DNA

A

Synthesis Phase

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9
Q

Increased protein synthesis occurs as the cell prepares to divide

A

2nd Gap Phase

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10
Q

Phase where normal cell growth occurs

A

1st Gap Phase

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11
Q

Involves DNA replication

A

Synthesis Phase

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12
Q

Phase for the preparation of mitosis

A

2nd Gap Phase

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13
Q

Phase of cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis

A

Mphase

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14
Q

The division of the cell nucleus resulting in two daughter nuclei

A

Mitosis

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15
Q

The division of the cell nucleus where each of the daughter cells possess the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

A

Mitosis

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16
Q

The stage of cell division in which the cytoplasm divides to form two daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

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17
Q

Phases of Mitosis

A

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

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18
Q

Meaning of PMAT

A

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

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19
Q

Phase where chromosomes are uncondensed

A

Interphase (G2)

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20
Q

Phase where early mitotic spindles become apparent

A

Prophase

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21
Q

Two sister chromatids form

A

Prophase

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22
Q

The phase marks the appearance of kinetochore microtubules

A

Prometaphase

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23
Q

Fragments of nuclear envelope can be observed

A

Prometaphase

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24
Q

Large protein assemblies that connect chromosomes to microtubules of the mitotic and meiotic spindles in order to distribute the replicated genome from a mother cell to its daughter

A

Kinetochores

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25
Chromosomes line up in the metaphase plate
Metaphase
25
Phase where daughter chromosomes are formed by separating the chromosomes
Anaphase
26
Phase where cleavage furrow starts to form
Telophase and Cytokinesis
27
Nuclear envelope starts to form
Telophase and Cytokinesis
28
A structure made of microtubule, strong fibers that are part of cell's skeleton
Early mitotic spindles
29
microtubules that are attached to chromosomes at the kinetochores to facilitate movement to opposite poles before cytokinesis
Kinetochore Microtubules
30
Prophase I is the phase where chromosomes ____________ and the nuclear envelope starts to _____________
Condense, break down
31
Phase where crossing over occurs
Prophase 1
32
Phase of Meiosis where the pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell
Metaphase 1
33
Phase where homologous chromosomes move to the opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase 1
34
Phase in Meiosis where chromosomes gather at the poles of the cell
Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cell
35
The phase where the cytoplasm divides
Cytokinesis
36
A point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact
Chiasmata
37
Phase where the appearance of homologous chromosomes is seen
Prophase 1
38
Phase of meiosis where the nuclear envelope starts to fragment
Prophase 1
39
Constricted region of chromosomes that separates the chromatids into two arms
Centromeres
40
Phase in Meiosis where new spindle forms around the chromosomes
Prophase II
41
Phase of Meiosis where the chromosomes line up on the equator
Metaphase II
42
Phase in meiosis where centromeres start to divide
Anaphase II
43
Phase in Meiosis where chromatids move to the opposite poles of the cell
Anaphase II
44
Phase of Meiosis where a nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes
Telophase II
45
Phase where sister chromatids are pulled apart
Anaphase
46
Phase where mitotic spindles attach to chromosomes
Metaphase
47
Cell pinches in the middle
Telophase
48
Cell division where it results into to haploid daughter cells
Meiosis
49
Cell division that results to two diploid daughter cells
Mitosis
50
Phase that occurs in all organisms (except viruses)
Mitosis
51
Creates all body (Somantic) cells like blood cells
Mitosis
52
Involves one cell division
Mitosis
53
Produces two diploid (2n) daughter cells
Mitosis
54
Produces daughter cells that are genetically identical
Mitosis
55
Creates a human cell with 46 chromosomes
Mitosis
56
Phase that occurs in plants and animals
Mitosis and meiosis
57
Starts with a diploid parent cell
Mitosis and Meiosis
58
Produces new cells
Mitosis and Meiosis
59
Cells undergo DNA replication
Mitosis and Meiosis
60
Same basic steps
Mitosis and Meiosis
61
Occurs only in plants, animals, and fungi
Meiosis
62
Creates only sex (germ) cells like sperm cells
Meiosis
63
Involves two successive cell divisions
Meiosis
64
Produces 4 haploid (n) daughter cells
Meiosis
65
Daughter cells are genetically different
Meiosis
66
Creates a human cell with 23 chromosomes
Meiosis
67
Non-dividing cells
Interphase
68
Longest phase of the cell cycle
Interphase
69
The time in which the physiological function of most cells is undertaken
Interphase
70
Phase where three consecutive periods of intense activity happens
Interphase
71
Three consecutive periods of intense activity of interphase
Gap (growth) 1 - G1 Synthesis gap (Growth) n2 - G2
72
Phase where cell increase in size
Interphase - G1
73
Ribosomes, RNA, and substances that inhibit or stimulate the S period are produced
Interphase - G1
74
DNA replication (Duplication) takes place
Interphase - S
75
Mitochondria and other organelles divide
Interphase - G2
76
Microtubules and other substances directly involved are produced
Interphase - G2
77
Coiling and condensation of chromosomes begin in this phase
Interphase - G2
78
Cell division
Mitosis
79
In prophase the chromosomes becomes ____ and _______
shorter and thicker
80
Prophase: their _________ becomes apparent
two-stranded nature
81
Prophase: the nuclear envelope ______
disassociates
82
Prophase: the nucleolus _________
Disintegrates
83
The briefest of the phases
Anaphase
84
Involves the sister chromatids of each chromosomes separating and moving to opposite poles
Anaphase
85
Each group of daughter chromosomes becomes surrounded by a reformed nuclear envelope
Telophase (1)
86
Daughter chromosomes become longer and thinner and finally become indistinguishable
telophase (2)
87
Nucleoli reappear
Telophase (3)
88
Many of the spindle fibers disintegrate
Telophase (4)
89
Cell plate forms
Telophase (5)
90
Enumerate the five steps of telophase in order
Each group of daughter cells becomes surrounded by a reformed nuclear envelope Daughter chromosomes become longer and thinner and finally become indistinguishable Nucleoli reappears Many of the spindle fibers disintegrate Cell plate forms
91
Enumerate the two steps of prophase
The chromosomes become shorter and thicker, and their two-stranded nature becomes apparent The nuclear envelope disassociates and the nucleolus disintegrates
92
During the telophase a ________ (a complex of microtubules and endoplasmic reticulum) develops
Phragmoplast
93
complex of microtubules and endoplasmic reticulum
Phragmoplast
94
During the telophase microtubules trap _______ along a central plane
Dictyosome vesicles
95
The vesicles fuse into a flattened, hollow, structure,that becomes a ________
cell plate
96
cell plate formation
Telophase
97
telophase: two _____ and two ____ forms
Primary cell walls, plasma membranes
98
When the cell plate reaches the mother cell walls, _________________ and _______________________
Plasma membranes unite with the existing plasma membrane production of two daughter cells is complete

Pharmaceutical Botany + Taxonomy (23 decks)

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