Plant structure Flashcards
What does herbaceous mean?
nonwoody (aerial part dies back)
Example of annual
corn
Biennials
herbaceous plants that grow, reproduce, and die in 2 year or less
Example of biennial
cabbage
Woody plants are all perenials. true/false
true
What does the root system do for plants?
obtain water and dissolved minerals
anchors it
What does the shoot system do for plants?
obtain sunlight exchange gases (CO2, O2, H2O)
List the three types of plant tissue along with what they do.
ground- photosynthesis, storage, and support
vascular- conduction
dermal- covering
What plant organs consist of all 3 tissues.
roots stems leaves flowers fruits
List the three ground tissuses
parenchyma
collenchyma
sclerenchyma
What does vascular tissue do?
conducts material throughout the plant
provides strength and support
List the 2 types of vascular tissue
Xylem
Phloem
What are the conducting cells of xylem
tracheids
vessel elements
both are dead and hollow at maturity
What are the conducting elements of phloem?
sieve tube elements
assisted by companion cells
What are the two types of dermal tissue?
epidermis
periderm
Describe the location of the epidermis?
covers herbaceous plant body
usually a single lay of cells
Describe the location of the periderm
covers woody parts of plant body when epidermis is destroyed
outer bark of trees
What secretes the cuticle?
the epidermis
Trichomes
outgrowths or hairs
In salty enviroments, specialized trichomes on leaves remove excess____that accumulates in the plant
salt
In desert plants, trichomes on aierial parts increase ____of light, cooling _____tissues
reflection
internal
Stingging nettles have trichomes that contain______chemicals
irritating
Root Hairs
simple trichomes that increase surface area of root epidermis, increasing absorption
Periderm is a complex tissue composed mainly of ___ cells and cork ____ cells
cork
parenchyma
Cork cells are coated with what ? Why?
suberin
to reduce water loss
Cork parenchyma cells function mainly as what?
storage
Where does growth happen in plants?
the meristem
Plant growth involves 3 processes. What?
cell division- increase in number of cells
cell elongation
cell differentiation- specialization into various cell types
Primary growth
growth in stem and root length
Secondary Growth
increase in plant girth
Apical meristem
responsible for primary growth
Two Lateral meristems
responsible for secondary growth
