PLANT RESPONSES Flashcards

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1
Q

toxic chemicals released by plants

A

alkaloids- bitter tasting, bad smell, poisonous

tannins- bitter taste and can bind to proteins in the gut making the plant hard to digest

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2
Q

what are pheromones

A

alarm pheromones- causes nearby plants to detect these chemicals and start producing chemical defences
corn plants release pheromones when being eaten by caterpillars which attracts parasitic wasps

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3
Q

what do carrots produce at low temps?

A

antifreeze proteins which bind to ice crystals and lower temperature that water freezes at

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4
Q

what is a tropism

A

the response of a plant to a directional stimulus

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5
Q

phototropism

A

plants response to light

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6
Q

geotropism

A

growth of plant in response to gravity

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7
Q

hydrotropism

A

plant growth in response to water

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8
Q

thermotropism

A

plant growth in response to temperature

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9
Q

thigmotropism

A

plant growth in response to contact with an object

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10
Q

gibberellin

A

stimulates seed germination
stem elongation
side shoot formation
flowering

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11
Q

auxins

A

growth of shoots by cell elongation

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12
Q

what stimulates cell elongation

A

IAA

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13
Q

how does IAA move around the plant

A

short distance- diffusion and active transport

long distance- phloem

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14
Q

where does IAA move in phototropism and geotropism

A

phototropism- moves to shaded part of shoots and roots

geotropism- moves to underside of the shoots and roots

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15
Q

apical bud

A

shoot tip of flowering plant

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16
Q

apical dominance

A

auxins stimulate the growth of apical buds and inhibits the growth of side shoots from lateral buds

17
Q

how do side shoots grow when apical bud has been removed

A

cell division and cell elongation

18
Q

how do gibberellins stimulate seed germination?

A

triggering the breakdown of starch into glucose in the seed

the plants embryo can then use the glucose to begin respiring and release the energy it needs to grow

19
Q

what are gibberellins inhibited by?

A

abscisic acid

20
Q

which hormones inhibit leaf loss?

A

auxins- as leafs gets older the less auxin is produced causing leaf loss
ethene- as leaf gets older, more ethene produced

21
Q

what does ethene do

A

develops a layer of cells at the bottom of the leaf stalk
this abscission layer separates the lead from the plant
ethene stimulates the cells in the abscission layer to expand which breaks down the cell walls and causes the leaf to fall off

22
Q

how does abscisic acid trigger stomatal closure?

A

binds to receptors on guard cell membranes causing specific channels to open which allows calcium ions to enter the cytosine from the vacuole
increased concentration of calcium ions causes other ion channels to open
ion channels allow ions to leave guard cells which raises the water potential
water leaves guard cells by osmosis
guards cells become flaccid and the stomata close

23
Q

how is ethene used in the fruit industry?

A

stimulates enzymes that break down cell walls, it breaks down chlorophyll and converts starch into sugars
makes fruit ripe, soft and ready to eat

24
Q

how are auxins used by farmers and gardeners?

A

used in selective weed killers

used in rooting hormones- make plant cuttings grow roots which is quick and cheap