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Digestive System > Plant Reproduction and Development > Flashcards

Plant Reproduction and Development Flashcards

1
Q

An organism that moves pollen grains from one plant to another

A

Pollinator

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2
Q
  • Male reproductive part of a flower
  • Consists of a thin filament with a pollen-producing anther at the tip
  • Spores (pollen) produced by meiosis in anthers develop into immature male gametophytes (pollen grains)
A

Stamen

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3
Q
  • Female reproductive part of a flower
  • Consists of a sticky or hairlike stigma, a style, and a chamber (ovary) with one or more ovules
  • Spores produced in ovules by meiosis develop into female gametophytes
A

Carpel

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4
Q

The enlarged base of a carpel, inside which one or more ovules form, and eggs are fertilized

A

Ovary

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5
Q
  • Structure in which a haploid, egg-producing female gametophyte forms
  • Develops from a mass of ovary wall tissue inside carpels; after fertilization, matures into a seed
A

Ovule

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6
Q

•Walled haploid spore; gives rise to a pollen grain

A

Microspore

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7
Q

Haploid spore that forms in ovary of seed plants

A

Megaspore

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8
Q

Arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma

A

Pollination

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9
Q
  • One sperm cell in the pollen tube fertilizes the egg, forming a diploid zygote
  • The second sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell and gives rise to triploid endosperm
A

Double Fertilization

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10
Q

A cell with two nuclei (n + n) that is part of the female gametophyte of a flowering plant

A

Endosperm mother cell

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11
Q

Triploid nutritive tissue in the seeds of flowering plants; sustains the sporophyte seedling

A

Endosperm

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12
Q

•Consists of the embryo sporophyte and its food reserves inside a protective seed coat

A

Seed

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13
Q

Mature ovule of a seed plant

A

Seed

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14
Q

Mature ovary, often with accessory tissues that develop from other parts of a flower

A

Fruit

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15
Q

Form of asexual reproduction in plants; new roots and shoots grow from extensions or fragments of a parent plant

A

Vegetative reproduction

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16
Q

branch from the main stem of the plant, near the ground

A

Stolons

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17
Q

thickened underground stems that store nutrients (tubers)

A

Corms

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18
Q

flattened stems of succulents

A

Cladodes

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19
Q

Laboratory method in which body cells are induced to divide and form an embryo

A

Tissue culture propagation

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20
Q

Fruits may form in the absence of fertilization

A

Seedless fruits or parthenocarpic fruits

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21
Q

Fruits may form in the absence of fertilization examples

A

blackberries, dandelions

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22
Q

Fruit may continue to form after ovules abort

A

Seedless fruits or parthenocarpic fruits

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23
Q

Examples of Fruit may continue to form after ovules abort

A

seedless grapes, navel oranges

24
Q

Fruits of sterile polyploid plants

A

Seedless fruits or parthenocarpic fruits

25
Q

Examples of Fruits of sterile polyploid plants

A

Seedless bananas (3n), watermelons (4n)

26
Q
  • Induces stem elongation, helps seeds break dormancy

* Role in flowering in some species

A

Gibberellin

27
Q

Promotes elongation, cell division, and differentiation in apical meristems
•Inhibits abscission, lateral bud growth

28
Q

Growth-inhibiting effect on lateral buds, mediated by auxin produced in shoot tips

A

Apical dominance

29
Q

Promotes cell division; releases lateral buds from apical dominance

30
Q

Gaseous plant hormone that inhibits cell division in stems and roots; also promotes fruit ripening

31
Q

Stimulates stomata to close in response to water stress; induces dormancy in buds and seeds

A 
Abscisic acid (ABA)
•
32
Q

In plants, directional growth response to an environmental stimulus such as gravity, light, contact, or mechanical stress

33
Q

Plant growth in a direction influenced by gravity

A

Gravitropism

34
Q

Change in the direction of cell movement or growth in response to a light source

A

Phototropism

35
Q

Redirected growth of a plant in response to contact with a solid object

A

Thigmotropism

36
Q

Internal time-measuring mechanism by which individuals adjust their activities seasonally, daily, or both in response to environmental cues

A

Biological clock

37
Q

Biological activity repeated about every 24 hours

A

Circadian rhythm

38
Q

Light-sensitive pigment that helps set plant circadian rhythms based on length of night
•Triggers transcription of genes active in tropisms, photosynthesis, germination, and flowering

A

Phytochrome

39
Q

Biological response to seasonal changes in the length of night relative to length of day

A

Photoperiodism

40
Q

Stimulation of flowering in spring by cold winter temperatures

A

Vernalization

41
Q

Phase in a life cycle from maturity until death; also applies to death of parts, such as leaves

42
Q

Period of arrested growth, ended only by specific environmental cues
•Usually preceded by abscission

43
Q

Process of shedding plant parts in response to seasonal changes, drought, injury, or nutrient deficiency

A

Abscission

44
Q

Any agent that moves pollen grains from one plant to another; often a coevolved animal

A

Pollination vector

45
Q

Sweet fluid exuded by some flowers

•Attracts pollinators such as butterflies, hummingbirds, and honeybees

46
Q

Opposite of evergreen trees like pine trees

47
Q

Fleshy outgrowths that can be eaten

48
Q

Water-pollinated

A

Hydrophilous

49
Q

Water dispersed

A

Hydrochory

50
Q

Fruits that develop from an pvary

A

True fruits

51
Q

stem of ginger

52
Q

stems of potato

53
Q

eyes of potato

54
Q

example of stolon

A

bermuda grass

54
Q

Spore bearing plants

A

Pteridophyte a

Digestive System (10 decks)

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