Plant Reproduction and Development Flashcards
An organism that moves pollen grains from one plant to another
Pollinator
- Male reproductive part of a flower
- Consists of a thin filament with a pollen-producing anther at the tip
- Spores (pollen) produced by meiosis in anthers develop into immature male gametophytes (pollen grains)
Stamen
- Female reproductive part of a flower
- Consists of a sticky or hairlike stigma, a style, and a chamber (ovary) with one or more ovules
- Spores produced in ovules by meiosis develop into female gametophytes
Carpel
The enlarged base of a carpel, inside which one or more ovules form, and eggs are fertilized
Ovary
- Structure in which a haploid, egg-producing female gametophyte forms
- Develops from a mass of ovary wall tissue inside carpels; after fertilization, matures into a seed
Ovule
•Walled haploid spore; gives rise to a pollen grain
Microspore
Haploid spore that forms in ovary of seed plants
Megaspore
Arrival of pollen on a receptive stigma
Pollination
- One sperm cell in the pollen tube fertilizes the egg, forming a diploid zygote
- The second sperm cell fuses with the endosperm mother cell and gives rise to triploid endosperm
Double Fertilization
A cell with two nuclei (n + n) that is part of the female gametophyte of a flowering plant
Endosperm mother cell
Triploid nutritive tissue in the seeds of flowering plants; sustains the sporophyte seedling
Endosperm
•Consists of the embryo sporophyte and its food reserves inside a protective seed coat
Seed
Mature ovule of a seed plant
Seed
Mature ovary, often with accessory tissues that develop from other parts of a flower
Fruit
Form of asexual reproduction in plants; new roots and shoots grow from extensions or fragments of a parent plant
Vegetative reproduction
branch from the main stem of the plant, near the ground
Stolons
thickened underground stems that store nutrients (tubers)
Corms
flattened stems of succulents
Cladodes
Laboratory method in which body cells are induced to divide and form an embryo
Tissue culture propagation
Fruits may form in the absence of fertilization
Seedless fruits or parthenocarpic fruits
Fruits may form in the absence of fertilization examples
blackberries, dandelions
Fruit may continue to form after ovules abort
Seedless fruits or parthenocarpic fruits